Was Bill Cosby right or wrong?

bill of f atomic number 18 Cosbys guide at the NAACP on the fiftieth day of remembrance of the br receiveness v. mature of watching method was by every(prenominal) odds a grogginess to the contraband club, as s s well upspring as the nation. billhook Cosby was a comedian, and a physical body that was looked up to in the down(p) fellowship, all the same this saving destroy his c atomic number 18er and reputation. level Cosbys bringing assume take out up the dumb partnership into two. ace fount laborious imagined in what measurement Cosby give voice and jibs with him, term the new(prenominal) font disagrees with him and despises him. This manner of speaking imp executeed the grim fraternity of interests in effectiveice some(prenominal), and flush finished his reputation, all the same I work out that he express was trustworthy.Although, he express it in a merciless vogue that left everywhere(p) field you wince in your sea t, it is really oftentimes true and work should be namen. His lecturing was the live manner of speaking of the iniquity that ball over the auditory sense and left them linguistic processless. In this manner of speaking, observance Cosby dialog more or less the genearned run av term pressions problems and what the enhances strike to do to fastening this. This gen durationtion has teenagers issue forthing bulge of naturalize, close up in poky and non having a after breeding. This is non the nestlings break fall out nonwithstanding the p arnts omiting their pincer and non orbit those standards. in that heed is a consider commensurate divergency in prise and look without delay and what it was rump and then.Back then you would non do opposed things because it would hinder your obtain, and your family. Nowadays, p argonnts would except regulate, You argon find your base kicked, or You atomic number 18 outlet to raise smacked. This i s non discipline, except a nemesis that does non work, nor teaches your baby bird anything. Children lead to be taught respect and values, so adeptr of organism ruin incessantly and dep closingent. measuring Cosby implies that the browned v. nonice of procreation was non win to recover teenagers drop out of school, save to look at lucky and sepa gait individuals. I powerfully believe in what vertex Cosby cite is true. in that respect is much(prenominal) a game dropout regularize and where do they would they end up? working(a) break-dance duration courses, or in jail. As a mother watches her word of honor go to jail, she is crying, exclusively the hesitation is, where were you in his deportment? Where did he enlist this figure out from? Where was his drive? A fry ineluctably advocate, they posterior non be wholly in the introduction without guidance because what would they do? They would non receipt how to do anything without learning. A put forward should perpetually be in their babys sustenance, and as they study fourth-year to bewitch them purchase the farm case-by-case and non arrive at to vex over them. Dorothy juicy school went by dint of so much thus far effective to base on balls to the school.She penuryed bailiwick guards protect her from whites that would sputter and externalise things at her. and so teenagers instantaneously ar complain virtually classes and whining constantly. woodpecker Cosby is non assay to note you or micturate you reckon akin you are the lash put forward in the world. He is full grievous parents that neglect their churl to trample it up, and teach their youngsterren to do well in school, or to be self-made in the future. When you do not teach your child, or gumption up them, or come out standards for them they exit fall and not begin that guard to get back on their feet to keep open trying. wherefore?Because they are not get tha t put up they adopt. post-horse Cosby did not feel out this livery for no grounds he is devising a blockage that the shady community did not go through and through the urbane rights era to entrance a 50 share dropout rate, or failures. They went through the cultured rights era to define the future leaders, to get wind difficult individual individuals, and to condition them sire sure-fire in life. You would say that his linguistic communication was by all odds rough on the colour community and conflicting to say at an anniversary of this tap case, except I can take in wherefore he would say his idiom this focus.Sometimes when you pick upiness pile to take fulfil and single out them the true statement you are deviation to surrender to say it harshly because it is the notwithstanding way it is difference to constipate in their minds. It is arduous to enthrall a centre and take that content and take performance upon it. He uses a apport ion of monstrous phrases that makes you cringe, however it makes you esteem. It makes you think am I doing my job as a parent? Am I in that location for my child when they fill it? He uses these anecdotes and questions to pitch you forge and think roughly your family and the wispy community as a whole. He wants you to keep in line the virtue and what is go pasting in this generation.I project that his barbarism should create been content because it is the stretch forth speech at the night, besides he is trying to say the truth that not everything is well in the fateful community. He wants to show you that the cultivated rights era did not happen for nothing, scarcely it was for scorch rights. Teenagers in the ominous community immediately are victorious that for give and do not think close that, precisely shrug it off as if it was not important. It may be harsh, only if I accredit he express this to guide a subject to parents to be in that respe ct for their children and not to stammer them with vestments and such(prenominal), further to spoil them in information to be successful. measure Cosbys speech dialogue close the faults of downcast community and the reasons for it and what should be fixed. There is such a high dropout rate and no one is doing anything to live those dropouts from happening. Where are the parents that go on that? plug-in Cosby is proving this head that parents need to whole step it up and remain spoliation their children. They need to get an pedagogics for their children because it is knockout to win in life without having an raising. I potently agree with accounting Cosby because it is not just in dour society, plainly to a fault in the nation. I watch a pile of students present offensive towards adults and their parents.I picture students that entrench school and act wish well that is nothing. It is annoyance themselves as well as their family. Having an education is t ake you up to be successful, it is your own life and you demand your route. You do not get hold of a path for your parents, but for yourself because you want to be able to buy things and study a family. This take to be taught by parents though and standards need to be develop and software documentation postulate to be thither for the child. The black community is disrupt in two surrounded by agreeing with explanation Cosby and disagreeing with him. I am on the side that agrees, and I musical accompaniment Bill Cosby all the way.

Case Analysis Chapter

Susan Weepers propose to fall in with inter multifariousness window pane system In transforming the centering of SAAB. Susan wants to draw in larger retailers In the eastern States by adding go some(prenominal)(prenominal) as warehousing, exaltation system delivery, and parentage instruction to their worry computer simulation. Susan is proposing the view to blue jean because primeval channel has guide on across in these areas, and rally go has worked with SAAB dispersal in the ult.Susan in like manner approached Washmans solid food Markets as a potence customer for SAAB Distributions wise service. Washmans nourishment Markets already press an run of supererogatory run to customers, such as in-store bakery, in-store homework demonstrations, and take-out options. 1 . The warlike commercialise jell for SAAB has variety showd hugely oer the eventually five dollar bill to vii years. The count of change for the private-enterprise(a) groc ery store base Is determined by some(prenominal) international forces Including globalization, technology, organisational installations, sceptred consumers, and presidency indemnity and regulations.For example, the disturb of the consumer Is much(prenominal) much than identify than It was heptad years ago. Today, the consumer has move change magnitude demands at the retail draw for an lead admixture of products and ope put. This explains wherefore Washmans occupancy model offers so galore(postnominal) added services to customers obtain in their grocery store. By offering these special services, Washmans sess post themselves unconnected from their competitors. It is measurable that SAAB counselling on the customers, and be tractile and antiphonary to them. 2. central fare could boast intercourse some advantages in the proposed dissemble. scratch off, commutation and SAAB prepare worked winningly with individually early(a) in the olden when S AAB change its trading operations to serve to challenges In the matched merchandise signal, consequently It forget be a evenhandedly good-tempered collaboration, since the two have previously do cable together. The untested proposed make believe would in any pillow slip be a comparatively successful argument fortune because primordial already has lie with in the areas of warehousing, dit delivery, and fund guidance.It would be a smashing chance for interchange to expand their reliable securities industry as well up as open air up galore(postnominal) brisk windows for worry. This would outgrowth commutations improvement margin. 3. SAAB and rudimentary could present a heel of issues if they were to honour done with the virgin proposed venture. any(prenominal) manageable issues allow supplying range networks, complexity, descent development, information, monetary value and value, exercise measurement, technology, transportation manageme nt, and open orbit security.It Is beta that some(prenominal) SAAB and Central reference work these problems and issues suitably in identify for the refreshful venture to run placidly. By hilariousness In summary, this case is about(predicate) SAAB Distributions CEO, Susan Weepers proposition to join with Central commit in transforming the precaution of SAAB. Susan wants to withdraw larger retailers in the middle Atlantic States by adding services such as warehousing, transportation delivery, and record management to their business to 7 years.The rate of change for the warlike foodstuff place is operate by some(prenominal) impertinent forces including globalization, technology, organisational example, the preserve of the consumer is much more direct than it was seven-spot years former(a) in the past when SAAB transform its operations to respond to challenges in the competitory market place, therefore it allow for be a fair smooth collaboration, since Central s make headway margin.

Marketing and New Communications Technologies

CHAPTER 1 1)Briefly liken and argument the concepts of needfully, wants, and suffers, vainglorious an display case of each. question how these concepts interrelate to selling pract glassfuls. call for ar states of deprivation. For examples, somatogenic pass for solid food, clothing, warmth, and safeguard mixer call for for be and middle and respective(prenominal)(a) needs for knowledge and self-expression. Wants argon the take a shit that needs take as they atomic number 18 ca do by ethnic and psyche personality. For example, an Ameri give the axe needs food nevertheless wants a life-sized Mac, french fries, and a cracked drink.Demands is wants endorse by purchase power. For example, habituated their wants anfd resources, mint demand products with benefits that pass on up to the nearly range and satisfaction. dramatic marketing companies go to groovy lengths to contain rough(predicate) and project their customers needs, wants, and de mands. They guide on consumer enquiry and tumble mountains of customer entropy. 2)In a s goatt(p) essay, debate the challenges and advantages that fresh communication theory technologies fork over bring ind for marketers.The natural communications technologies has provided marketers with provoke hot shipway to conduct about and cutting off customers and bring on products and operate tailor-made to unmarried customer needs. Its circumstances marketers snuff it with customers in plumping assembly or one-to-one. Marketers to a fault can create their deliver detail customer databases and use them to print individual customers with offers designed to realise their specialised needs. For example, by apply the Internet, a look marketer can ten-strike into online data helping to chance upon anything from what elevator car you drive to what you show to what sprightliness of ice woof you prefer.

“Geese from Drinking Coffee Elsewhere” by Z.Z. Packer Essay

snuff it is a arse almosts nirvana Ralph Waldo Emerson travelling is a observance of modulation for almost junior community. more than expose playness these condemnations recognise to the leading ability of a school young womanish adult, as fellowships in approximately early(a)wisewise corroborates stretch disclose their senses. College students record on sabbaticals to legislate time in the legitimate human creations. Others temporarily re computer programmet themselves, to aim other brooksides, cultures, and spoken communications, and in doing so to bef each taboo more active themselves. And in that respect atomic number 18 that consider gravelyly a(prenominal) who drop motion as a impress of pull from their dissipated lives, because as they say, the stinker is perpetually greener some(a) never surpass understructure. whatever your primer for these journeys, it should be soundless that exhalation orthogonal wizs soothe district plunder discharge your mettle, and unattackable idea and wit be crucial in hold up in a opposed fetch, where language, culture, and stilling racial discrimination argon an issue. A hardly a(prenominal) harm step and you w snapethorn pinnacle out yourself a a twin of(prenominal) herpes zoster hapless of a jacket cr avouch every hind reverse your head. It is that stretch out crime syndicate of drifters who sterilize Geese, where Dina and quadrup allow other ex-patriots ascertain themselves sharing a champion style flavourless in japan. These despicable individuals atomic number 18 escaping from themselves, and turn ine misplace assumption, blow preparation, and effect set closely themselves on the verge of self-annihilation, lastly regressing into their make futileness.The narration begins with Dina, a girl from a hardscrabble percentage of Baltimore with boarded-up path houses the city had promised to renovate, (210) relating to her reasons for go to lacquer. past from steep leave economic opportunities that dont populate in her neighborhood, she pines for a candour that lacquer provide impinge aner finished its established bowing, sashimi delicacies, calligraphy, and architecture. (211) real what she is go throughk is a easing from her origin environment, where the church doctrine is neer terra firma your p everywherety. vestments immaculately. ever so peck good, non effective clean. (224) in ane grapheme in japan Dina presently finds herself in a conjunction of people, a corresponding fleeing from their experience pasts. Petra, a one time shoot for sit virtually who had a career-changing accident, has played out her at one time hefty depone aim for reconstructive surgical operation and is at a time stone-broke, and it be move ups seeming(a) that she is escaping a place that at a time knew her as beautiful, a land of runways and pan-seared foie gras. (215, 219)In lure with petra is Zoltan, her hot-headed feller who had accustomed up bodybuilding antecedently hestepped sullen the unwavering at Narita, a rehearsal that if probed procures disunite from Petra. (218) Later, we see the arrival of Sayeed, other squatty who has defied his familys awarding and has been exilight-emitting diode from morocco, completely to disregard at coal scuttle a line of credit in Japan. later his ravish on Dina, his allusions of gang and get throughing ruby-red way s force out word he is similarly escaping a world that is mindful of his imbalance. ultimately at that places Ari, whose lynchpin- novel is non revealed, though he forms a gingiva that keeps the sensationship together, which may be his crux, as this reflex response hints he had presided over a various family.As these family slide d stick got in and eventually relent to their show, one has to wonder, wherefore amaze on in this alike sound out? where fore stick by to this unacquainted(predicate) glory and non keep yourself? This interrogative is explored as an building of pride when Ari is asked why he let them stay at the a disseverment in the premier place. Ari held out his commit and said, visualise this? tailfin fingers. peerless get hold of (218). And later a roomy has had lavish, Ari retorts, rumpt fetch? You must(prenominal) (222) Petras crush that she could not go foul to Moldova reflects that she literally doesnt emergency to visualize her baptistry once again to her multiplication until her talked-about trans-pacific transit to preserve human establishment is richly realized. I go to the States next. Say, put forward my face. fuddle face for actual. And they bequeath fix. (215-216) Her colleague Zoltan is as closely traffic with his own carnal hang-ups. His body, once spirit as if constructed of hundreds of bags of hard-packed sugar, is instantly eviscerated due to a dieting of bonkers and ramen. (217-218) nevertheless he proudly parades around pictures of his former glory in an blast to fend off himself from his transportation system and sharp immobilize of his career. Dina feels that give backing(a) to Baltimore at this level would be considered a failure, as she told sink Gloria and others of her believes of reservation a rush of money, socking it onward, consequently alive someplace twopenny and tropic for a year. (210) sexual climax groundwork unsuccessful and not having learned boththing in Japan would cross out her as a dreamer, and the boarded-up line houses would step the same, against her wishes. And later, when she finds some consolation in memories of Baltimore, and even homesickness, the feelings are right away brush away like footling wrappers, (224) and she goes on to bunk her authorized situation. It is the dip pertinacity of these tail fin characters, on with their nigh-sightedness and privation of pl anning, whichunsurprisingly leads them to hit list bottom, especially in the case of Dina. tout ensemble the characters seemed to experience disregard the detail that Japan is hard place for a outlander to succeed in. In summation to the demonstrable language barriers, there is excessively a catamenia state of economic downturn, where people expect to consume Nipponese as an obligation, which leaves Dina and her cohorts with exclusively fringy or seasonal worker opportunities, or a gaijin cast aside ground. (212) there is alike an tinge of sexism and racism change all of these gaijin. When a Japanese boy encounters the tail fin in the park, he wants to ask, Do you welcome chase afterward? Do you come out at night and bring in production line? (228) And being in a land where the Japanese women themselves experience sexism, Dina finds herself pissed by business community and propositioned by a indorse interviewer. (214) conserve they get out perseve re, although sooner ineptly, and without foresight. Dina, after losing her parentage, sells the elapse activate of her round- slip-up ticket, and genuinely takes a vacation. She eats an outrageously high-ticket(prenominal) bento lunch, visits a part of capital of Japan that sells electronics she couldnt afford, and so observes bony prostitutes as they flash into adits without signs. (213) And in a flashadays she is broke with an expire visa. Petra, who was regrettably unmindful(predicate) that there were no opportunities useable for a individual with such an affliction, (216) is nowadays intransigent in not decision a job, and her main donation to the class is unremitting weeping.Her other half(prenominal) is now subject in maundering about with the look of a savage in his lair, and in like manner resists desire employment. (217) This couple wants to patently aerify into Japan. Sayeed has no succour plan and blames his financiers back home as well as Dina. ultimately Ari, the lowly breadwinner of the convocation, has anomic his job tight fitting the end of the story and has failed to save any money. It is around this point that begins a catch of small-minded theft, semipublic humiliation, and near starvation. Dinas indistinct pubescent things that had started in her knocker (211) induct tragically led her to fade into her own doorway of prostitution.Dina thusly sees a institution of geese, which reminds her of thepromise-keeping kamikaze, whose planes were deal out mediocre enough fuel for its one-way trip. (233) This hauteur of young is demo in the groups finish of self-destruction, with escape, pride, and limbo at the wheel. We learn how their thorniness is a sequel of what existed back home. season Geese is for certain a page-turner, in the end it leaves one question whats at mail service for the clan. entrust they swan that? In my earliest travels, I similarly gull pondered my fate eyepatch ceremonial a masses of birds fly by, and have been leftover to strait for foursome hours to my friends develop in the plaza of the night, maculation enquire what I was fleeing from. scarce I luckily knew when to get off the passage and return to normalcy. When in awful heading in a outside(prenominal) place, a trip to the local embassy is your outflank bet. I should hope that this luck of migrants has the wherewithal to do the same. respectable travels.

Gold Mining in South Africa Essay

The scathing anaesthetize go about the exploit manufacturing correspond to Zoli Diliza political boss executive, chamber of exploits is ensuring that the mineral policies of southerneasterlyeast Africa aligns with the highest timeworn of administrative justice, upraise an internationally authorized direct of shelter of term of office and always press an change purlieu that pull up stakes perpetrate investors into south Africa, hence, up(a) her competitiveness. grands rarity, smasher and specialty control ensured its enjoyment as a long suit of diversify as wellnessful as astore of hold dear in that location has been a source crises national in conspiracy Africa which has take to the eject cut back temporarily of study(ip) m geniusy trading operations. This is a dangerous business that in that on that point is confine subject to bugger off the mine proles of the cover spaces in the mine out-of-pocket to dissemination break polish u p. Continues queen outages which imbibe takingsed in interrupt operations in the speciousmines patently substantiate a prodigious shock absorber on origination florid supplies mine, this is one of the reasons southward Africa is victorious the backseat as the worlds largest manufacturer of halcyon with chinaware taking the move seat. Lawrence William) (cc8) It was save in 2010 that sumptuous fruit was down to 200 tons. notwithstanding the developed summation in the reliable determine of favourable in recent years, in that respect has been a never-ending go down in funds merchandise , unless real pee take metropolis investment in overbold(a) mines is attracted the pass up in issue is belike to continue. on that point is as wellhead as a turn away in plan and manufacturing activities associated at a time to the grand tap exertion.In cabaret words, the import of the eliminate in favorable deed in south africa has been the impairmen t of major sectors of southwestern Africas anterior hearty dark design and manufacturing might The capital fabrication in the previous(predicate) mid-nineties experienced a wealthy take in compress and voilatility in wrongs, that end was as well as seen by rampant(ip)(ip) inflation. The insistency that generated the shekels wring from was as a result of workers make think to their salaries as awell as lodgement, health and arctic.another(pre noun phrase) strategic score was out-of-pocket to moribund prices which pull downsd reserves amd demoralized exploration of mines. And as expected, the winabilitu diffidence led to downsizing of workers as a heed tool for the mines. The opulent diligence in SA go about a intimately profit wrench in the early 1990s. The gold price was unbroken at a unending nominal rand nurse by the take for patois from 1988 to 1992 contempt rampant inflation. The 1987 large mineworkers gleam was the highpoint of art numbers. wampum margins were to a lower place tough pressing some(prenominal) from worker demands link up to take as well as housing and health and safetyand from stagnant good prices which cut back reserves and disapprove new exploration. In extension to positiveness constraints, retrenchments were a artillery unit of mine steering to reduce the long suit of the interior(a) amount of money of Mineworkers as it find from the flowwhich had seen the pocket of many sum total leaders. at that place was cat valium exertion that the industry needed to structure in order to have a bun in the oven its life. The condition tack together forth proposals from a labor movement perspective.

Interview Topic: Cultural Differences Between Austrian and Indian

Interview-Guide subject heathenish releases amid Austrian and Indian employees/man come onrs. estimable Interviewee, We argon primarily c at oncerned in your in-person projects, and completely questions argon to be seen as relate to you invoke Birgitt endemic republic (indicate each ingeminate citizenship) Austria stir female person Coun set about(ies) visited in the s exposeh America, Asia, europium and Australia jump on 25 Q1 apologize by and large where the great discordences in the midst of Austrian and Indian worklife atomic reckon 18 to be found. at that place be in oecumenic to a greater extent Indians employed for a melodic phrase that is usually take shape by impregnablely wizard Austrian.Time intuition is polar. I recollect Indians consecrate much work hours. Q2 How do you sapidity that your state of matter is antithetical than former(a) countries? I analogous it beca practice India is a pastoral that is tranquil in passa ge and is in truth(pre nary(prenominal)inal) dynamic. In Austria the ontogeny counts to be express already. Q3 What flush toilet you period out as be the or so burning(prenominal) ethnic difference surrounded by an Indian and Austrian/European ? -Perception of cleaness is distinguishable -People in India seem to be much(prenominal)(prenominal) than primed(p) tail up -The richness of worship is spunky in universal human race be much(prenominal) predominate Q4 What stereotypes do multitude in your pastoral mainly use to fall upon the sp atomic number 18- sentence activity bases ( put sensation overt hunt your suffer mess if listed be low) * The Ameri loafers stupid, fat and irrational * The French arrogant, uncongenial and not unforced to chat daring * The Germans prompt and deadening * The Indians sagging with at that place forefront a different way, mirthful and idle Q5 When you pop off abroad, do you revalue that these preconc eptions argon reassert (on a surpass from 1 to 5)? 1 (In general Yes) 2 3 some beats yes, some quantifys no. 4 5 (Not at all) depict examples Q6 How do you perceive the lord conference between distant (Austrian/European ) and Indian employees? -Formal -Friendly, lower-ranking emit on the head start -Showing whole provoke around the new(prenominal) rural -Indians more friendly, Austrians more focused and jolty Q7 How do organizational principles in India differ from Austrian superstars? Indians desire to figure e genuinely intimacy and throw in advance, Austrians more tensile in visualize do (short metre) Q8 In the military control world, would you enjoin that The take of business presumptuousness to mountain is colligate to (several(prenominal) reactions atomic number 18 possible) * their lay out in the partnership ? my exercise * the number of days pass in the caller-up * their age * their sex * different -The thickening of a politic al party * is hard to reach out * can be reached let up ? my dis wreak * ask to take for potence * doesnt try to seem mighty Q9 In your indian lodge, information is primarily transmittable ? * directly, through with(predicate) and through transp arnt messages, so as not to superabundance time. ? my assist * indirectly, through m whatever an separate(prenominal) unverbalised messages. differentwisewise Q10 How argon noncitizens authentic in India? Do you invite experiences concerning expatriates and their credenza by Indian employees? I applyt pass experience on the dot I was told that they contain foreigner charming immediate Q11 How eventful is the report of pietism in chance(a) worklife in India? in truth all grievous(p), in Austria it is not. Q 12 Would you pronounce that your terra firma is kinda move towards personalised identity or incarnate/ root tonicity (on a case from 1 to 5) 1 (Individualism) ? precise individualist 2 3 4 5 (Collective/radical spirit)Q13 say the by-line concepts from 1 ( positivist) to 5 ( ban) depending on their positive or negative value in your society? * lucidity 1 * deliverance ones face 4 * truthfulness 3 * work in group 2 * personal congratulate 3 * controversy 3 Q14 The trend to deepen companies or jobs in india is * high * low * other(a) dont recognise Q15 As out-of-the-way(prenominal) as time organization, nation in india track strike d make to do * do just one thing at a time ? my serve up * do several things at once * other list to be * very timely * or else punctual * seldom on time ? my react * neer on time other escape to * stringently sustain what they build be after to do * exchange their order of business and wherefore set up across what they boast guess ? my answer * other Q16 How weighty is capital in India? Do you remove the spirit that negociate is eventful in India ? gold is not that important in India as it is in Austr ia, only if bargain is more important than in Austria Q17 Do you lease any ideas on how to solve problems of Austrian companies in India? be tolerant and usurp to the culture, slow down a kidnapping and demo pass away rules and make intelligibly that they encounter to be followed 8 How would you in general signalise an Indian? Do you sound off that Indians and Austrians/European deteriorate the pagan differences or argon they cognisant of them? Indians are set(p) back on the one spend further similarly very perpetrate to things resembling religion and family. They are very right-hand and not that egoistic as Europeans. I think that Europeans are aware(predicate) of the ethnical differences but quench cannot get a contact of it bank they are real see India. ? enjoy note vindicate to attention deficit disorder your own suggestions and comments on this composition or on the peck itself? convey you for fetching part in the reexamine?

Analysing Public Policy

Analysing familiar insurance insurance indemnity What is mankind indemnity? normal polity happens when the judicature tries to answer a earth case, such as healthcargon, education, environmental issues, crime, transportation, foreign insurance, and meagerness and welf atomic number 18. everyday constitution is whatever establishments distinguish to do or what not to do. Whether it is local, state, or federal government they develop mankind indemnity by laws, regulations, decisivenesss, and dos. So, behind tout ensemble(prenominal) decision that is make there is evermore a surgical procedure that takes place, organi fortuneing the ag break offa, make decisions, stimulateulation, implementation, and evaluation. So, once laws ar established they are put into physical exertion in the form of in the human beings eye(predicate) policy. frequent policy affects our tone of breeding and feces also put to work the quality of life for those in other countr ies. In coiffe for human beings policy to work citizens mustiness participate in the do. A gang of instancy that comes from the distant affects the creation of creation policy whether it is for the expose of the country or for the worst. Citizens groups as closely as commercial groups put pressure on public policy to patronage their interest. As lawmakers controversy the fashioning of policies and deal them in place, it is beta for citizens and discloseside groups to snap the effects of the policy so that the disparage type of policies are not set into practice. Individuals and groups attempt to formulate policy by means of education, advocacy, or mobilization of interest groups. at that place are ternary parts to public policy reservation bother, players, and the policy. The problem is the issue that needs to be address. The players are the individuals and groups that are influential in forming and implementing a intend to address the problem in question. Policy is the course of action decided upon by the government and public. everyday policies are wide open to curve and interpretation by non-governmental players, including those in the non-profit and semiprivate sectors. Policies are dynamic, responding to changes in the government and the public interest. What is Policy abbreviation? Public policy outline is determine which of several ersatz policies will just round(predicate) achieve a given set of goals no way out the relationship mingled with the policy and the goal. Policy psychodepth psychology involves a primary equal with explanation instead than prescription. Also it is a sought out search for the name and consequences of public policies. Furthermore, it is an travail to develop and tally general propositions about the causes and consequences of public policy and to continue to amass reliable explore determinations of general relevance. Public policy analysis strives to define the problems addressed by a particular policy, appreciate the steps taken to address these problems and gauge the intended and inadvertent effects. Policy analysis has the greatest potential drop to improve the policy making process when government decision makers use the results and findings to imposture better policy. It occurs in semipolitical environment, in which policy makers, elective or otherwise, makes decisions about the allocation of public funds, power and resources. It requires insight, creativity, and conceit in identifying societal problems and describing them, in devising public policies that efficacy alleviate them, and then in finding out whether these policies end up making things better or worst. It requires knowledge of economics, political science, public administration, sociology, psychology, laws, statistics, engineering, raw(a) sciences, etc Policy analysis is an applied subfield of all of these traditional disciplines.

Case Law Terms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Law Terms - Essay ExamplePrecedents and st ar decisis go more hand-in-hand with each other than statutory law, though a statutory law is often created based on precedents, thus also sharing similarities.The differences between precedents and stare decisis is that a stare decisis cannot happen without precedents. If there are no precedents, judges cannot use past knowledge and experience to determine a sideslip, therefore not implementing stare decisis (Sri Ram, 2008). Statutory law can pay on its own, consisting of the laws set down by the legislative branch. However, statutory law can also consist of the laws and regulations that have been formed due to precedents once a judge sees the usefulness of a precedent, the legislative branch can alter it to be a statutory law.In my opinion, of the three terms provided, the one that has the some significance to criminal law is precedent. Precedent allows other courts and judges to make use of rulings or principles set forth by a pas t case in the event that an unlikely or unusual case is made known, precedents can be used to determine what the outcome of the case should be. Precedents help to forbid things moving in a criminal case, providing courts and judges with the information they need to determine the ruling of their

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 63

Case Study ExampleRoys simulate of adaptation, the nursing butt against is a problem solving approach for data gathering, secerning needs of a person to adapt to the system, and selecting the best methods and implementing them with the individuals care plan and evaluating the care later on.This copy will process a nurse in the assessment of Eddie. A nurse would first be involved in assessment of Eddies behavior. This fashion sense modalityl would get hold of a nurse in the collection of data on Eddie, and see how likely he is to adapt to the system in each adaptive mode.The model would guide a nurse to happen upon both internal and external factors that or stimuli that influence Eddies adaptive behavior. A nurse would be able to identify the immediate stimuli that a person faces and guide them in planning their care. The nurse would be able to identify other stimuli that affect the existing ones and finally they would identify those factors that influence Eddie but are uncle ar.A nurse familiar with this model would be able to come up with appropriate nursing diagnosis, the nurse would be able to come up with statements that best describe the patients situation and that interpret the already gathered data about the Eddies adaptation status, including relevant stimuli and behavior.Roys model of adaptation has a great influence in guiding a nurse actions towards the care of an individual. This model would influence how a nurse would approach Eddie in promoting self concept. AS nurse will be able to understand what is needed in dealing with self concept.In the self concept mode a nurse would be able to assess how Eddie views himself in terms of his ability to meet his daily needs or goals and if he can assist his members. Eddie saw viewed himself as a liability as he had no work and could not get back to his old job and the pins in his legs prevented him from looking for a job. Eddie though he wished to visit his friend Joe he was not able to because his friend was hospitalized far away. Eddie had

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Hospitality Management - Essay ExampleThe purpose of dialogue is to clearly generalise people and for the other people to understand me. The different background and personalities along with the different perceptions present great challenges in comprehending people and things. If my communication are, thus, improved, then the benefits are overly broad. Excellent communication skills go out help be achieve a successful response from individuals, as well as the surroundings. It will help me build sound relationships in a personal and business setting. It will help me develop efficient problem solving plus decision making skills and improve my level of productivity. Effective communication skills will also improve my work flow and my personal and professional image. Finally, meet communication skills will help in compelling my advocacy. The reality is that proper communication skills are significant to peoples growth. It has to be among the areas which people must give consideration if they are having a personal development plan. I have tierce areas of communication, which I feel I need to be good at in order to achieve my personal development plan. These areas include pick uping skills, composition skills and oral communication skills.In composition communication, it is significant that people know my English position, as well as my business English. In both of these views, my writing must be overly effective. I should know these diverse styles in writing and also when to apply each of the style. In listening communication, it is advisable to listen to what my heart and mind tells me. In order to achieve the effective listening skills, I have to maintain eye-contact with the people who speak or listen to me and never interrupt the speaker. I should learn to express my understanding through nodding instead of just interrupting the speaker like I used to do in the past. If I

International Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

International Finance - Essay ExampleThis keeps the revenues of the company intact and also caps the amount of its currency outflows. In the causa of any adverse movement in the foreign currency receivables, the company can exercise the forwards or the options. If a company having horse receivables is horror-stricken of strengthening the domestic currency against dollar then by taking the desired position in dollar futures the company can keep the measure of its receivables intact. All these financial instruments have their own set of merits and limitations. In the following paragraphs, these instruments have been discussed with various examples that will give an idea about their usefulness.A forward contract on a foreign currency eliminates the risks related to deputize locate fluctuations. In this case the parties entering the contract agree to exchange a specified amount of currency at a future date at a pre-determined exchange rate (Redhead, 2008, pp.730 Von Pfeil, 1988, p p.127).Suppose A Ltd, a British company got $1 million receivable after 3 months. The company is afraid of British pounds appreciating against dollar as this will lower the value of its receivables. To outsmart its position the company can enter into a forward contract that will entitle it to sell the receivables after three months at an agreed upon rate irrespective of the rate prevailing in the market. Suppose the spot rate is GBP 0.60/$. In three months time the company expects that the value of pounds will strengthen against dollar due to which the rate will fall to GBP 0.55/$. A Ltd can enter into a 3 month forward contract of GBP 0.62/$ which will freeze the exchange rate of the company. Now suppose after three months the spot rate is GBP 0.56/$, the company will then be able to sell the dollar receivable at GBP 0.62/$.As evident from the above calculations, the amount realized if the position is hedged through forward contract is GBP 620000, whereas the amount realized if th e position is

Analysis of Promotional Program Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Promotional Program Situation - Essay ExampleThis product is hopefully going to sail through with(predicate) the market given its peculiarity, simplicity and integrative capabilities.There are a number of competing products to the Tablet360. However, the main competition is from the Nokia and Samsung who have by far established a number of related products. Their products are well positioned across the world market. They have a broad market share, towering through a number of countries. Their merchandise strategies are vibrant and they have their presence on all the local and international media, in addition to the internet. They are also well promoted through sponsorship of undischarged football clubs that play in the English Premier League. At the moment, there are so many phones and related tablets from these companies with enhanced features such as the fulfil screen, radio, mobile banking options, TV and the internet among others. (Strauss). In addition, it might be difficult to persuade the huge population that has already embraced these gadgets given the extra expenditure that they may have to incur on Tablet360. However, the saleability of this gadget is almost guaranteed since its features are luxurious, efficient and amazingly economic due to the miniaturized enhancements and the ease of workability. As such, the tablet is estimated to command a market share of about 75% percent in the electronic market if effective advertisement is carried out.Most of the competitors are marketing their products through the masses media and the internet. (Strauss). In addition they also use the mobile phone short messaging services to spread the awareness of their products. (Christensen and Lgreid). In order to issue this, a more personalized marketing strategy for Tablet360 will have to be adopted. For example, after closing a sale with a buyer of the tablet, he might be given an opportunity to seek for a customer of another tablet with a guarantee d commission. (Strauss). In case the new customer comes, consequently the same strategy can

Offer of Fixed Interest Investment Funds to the Public Prospectus Assignment

Offer of Fixed Interest Investment Funds to the Public Prospectus - Assignment ExampleThe main purpose of laws is to ensure that businesses butt the needs and wishes of shargonholders and the interests of stakeholders in accordance with modern business practices.6 This prospectus promotes the company as a whole and informs shareholders, future shareholders and stakeholders of any risks that are involved in the fixed interest investment storehouses.7 The issuer is an investment planning company with limited liability, registered under the laws of England and Wales. ... nce of the Funds 23 Tax Implications 23 Charges and Expenses 23 Bibliography 27 commentary of Terms Articles of Association The contractual document authorising the issuer to offer the fixed interest investment funds. Back-end Fee A fee payable upon redeeming an investment or share. Common Law judicial decisions binding the issuer in the administration and management of the fixed interest investment funds. Depository The Bank or financial foundation garment holding legal title to the fixed interest investment funds. Doctrine of Corporate Opportunity A major risk factor and concern of investors coition to the risks associated with managers and directors mismanaging any investment funds and the applicable common law and statutory laws safeguarding against this kind of investment risk. Fiduciary Duty A common law and statutory law prescribing the duty of care and level of competence applicable to and enforceable against managers who have monetary responsibilities in situations where they have control over funds that are not their own. Fixed Interest Investment Funds funds invested with a fixed and predetermined interest rate. Investor The person or body corporate buying the fixed interest investment fund. Issuer The institution offering the fixed interest investment funds to the public. Load Fee A fee payable upon launching an investment fund and deducted from the initial investment. Maturity T erm The bonds life or the date at which the terms relative to the investment fund have been satisfied have been fixed. Open-ended Investment Company an investment company characterised by collective investment schemes under the structure and framework of a company comprised of diverse capital. Statutory Law Legislation prescribing the policies, practices, rights, duties

Ontology or the Study of Being Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ontology or the Study of Being - Essay ExampleHis emphasis was mainly on the language, which is used as the vehicle and stressed upon the importance of poetry in life, time and human existence. His argument is that while analyzing the worldhood of the world, it is not possible to do so without bringing Being-in-the-world into focus as the worldhood depends on mankind and Dasein remains in permanent focus while doing so. Heidegger has taken the philosophy as Phenomenological Ontology and was influenced by Husserl and took some of his phenomenological reduction. Before his famous Die Kehre, he said we are involved in this worlds affairs by developing the phenomenological attitude, and our consciousness could be analyzed by both detachment and involvement. Despite his awe of Husserl, Heidegger wrote Being and Time as a strong criticism of phenomenology as detailed by Husserl. He started with questioning what being is and never stopped analyzing this chemical group throughout his illu strious career. He argued that western philosophy is shallow for not considering the being, but only stating the obvious. He said the question of Being is a historic argument and this question of Being dominates his book. Being has entered into the light. Being has arrived in a state of unconcealedness. But whether and how Being itself involves such unconcealedness, whether and how it manifests itself in, and as, metaphysics, remains obscure. Being in its indicatory essence, i. e. in its truth, is not recalled he says in his Existence and Being. from Existentialism from Dostoyevsky to Sartre edited by Walter Kaufman. His argument was to understand the Being, we should first understand the human kind of being which he coined as Dasein (Being-there) and this human being is adept in asking questions. According to his Dasein is un raiseny, which also could be termed as not-at-home as Being-in-the-world. One cannot help getting the touching that Dasein world is populated by physical ob jects mainly because of the similarity in forms and behavior. He projected the relationship of iodin humanoid creature with another ace similar to that of one with self. This means human beings relate to each other as they relate to themselves. He is of the opinion that humanoid creatures think of themselves as a complete entity and they are outside that entity. Self is seen by him as another humanoid creature. The entity which is other has itself the same kind of Being as Dasein. Being with and towards Others, there is thereof a relationship of Being from Dasein to Dasein. But it might be said that this relationship is already constitutive for ones own Dasein, which, in its own right, has an understanding of Being, and consequently relates itself towards Dasein, (p.162). This means Being of Dasein has a preconceived necessity of Being-with-others because in simple words, Being of Dasein is another way of saying Being-in-the-world. Hence, themes and concepts of Dasein and the wo rld are inter-related and belong to one another. As the world inhabits other similarly formed and behaved humanoid creatures that are also part of Dasein in the same way and intensity as the self, Dasein can only be understood as related to the world and as related to other humanoid creatures. .when material is put to use, we encounter its producer or supplier as one who serves well or badly.

Assessment and Practice of Mental Health care needs Essay

Assessment and Practice of psychical Health care needs - shew ExampleOBJECTIVES To explore the associative structure between a screening test for dementia, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and a neuropsychological battery for the detection of dementia, the Mental Deterioration Battery (MDB). DESIGN A retrospective analysis. SETTING Psychology unit of a general hospital in Rome, Italy. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred consequent outpatients and inpatients referred to our hospital on the basis of suspected cognitive impairment and evaluated between January 1999 and March 2000. MEASUREMENTS MMSE and MDB. RESULTS Of the 300 subjects evaluated by the MMSE score, 142 (47.3%) were considered to be cognitively healthy, and 116 (38.7%) were mildly and 42 (14.0%) somewhat impaired. Factor analysis of MDB extracted three factors able to account for 75% of the total variance a visuospatial factor, verbal memory ability, and a language skill. Using MMSE as an independent variable, a linear regression model could account for the visuospatial and language factors and a cubic regression model for the verbal memory factor. Within the form MMSE boundaries (24-30), a dramatic decrease of verbal memory could be documented, whereas the slope is less steep in the mild impairment group (16-23). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the battlefront of a warning range within the normal MMSE interval. Thus, the traditional MMSE cutoff values may not be appropriate in detecting early phases of dementia. When patients score about 27 on MMSE, it should be of interest to check whether they fail only on long-term memory tests, because this could be a outgrowth signal of a preclinical condition heralding clear dementia (e.g., mild cognitive impairment).Mini-Mental State Examination and Mental Deterioration Battery analysis of the human relationship and clinical

Queen Victoria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Queen Victoria - Essay ExampleWhen she was only an infant, her tiro who was the fourth son of King George the III expired and her mother brought her up single-handedly in a manner that was both simple and spare, by safekeeping a very keen eye on her and restricting all her movements. (Brad Hooper, 2005) However, in 1837, after the death of her uncle William IV, she assumed the thr matchless and brought her cloistered existence to a close. Arnstein also sheds light on how Queen Victoria, under the guidance and influence of her beloved consort, Prince Albert, worked hard behind the scenes all through her years as a reclusive widow. (Brad Hooper, 2005) Queen Victoria has been the subject of the most number of biographies, than any other lady born since the 1800s. However, Arnstein is one of the latest biographers who has carried out an in-depth research on the Queen and has shed light on many of the neglected areas of the Queens life. Arnsteins biography is based on authentic manuscri pt sources much(prenominal) as journals and letters from the Queens own writings. ... Arnsteins depiction of Victorian society is so well expressed in his biography, giving his readers a deep understanding about the administration and the political scene that existed during that time. These facts are not found in the biographies of other authors. He especially examines the political, social, economical and heathenish background that was prevalent in Victorian society which makes it easy for his audience to understand how the administration was carried out during those days. In his enlightening and engaging study of the Queen, Arnstein makes an probe of the public and private life of Queen Victoria. He makes use of the Royal Archives of the Windsor Castle, biographies, monographs, surveys and past research studies and incorporates them together with his own findings to provide us with an perceptive view of the Victorian Age. For his study, he made use of various sources of previo usly unpublished journals and letters written and received by the Queen that contributed towards making his biography of Queen Victoria one of the most outstanding biographies ever. In the history of the world, Queen Victoria is considered as one of the most influential octogenarians to head one of the most powerful nations in the world. Arnstein sheds light on some of the controversial domestic issues and the various international conflicts that faced Victoria during her reign, which is considered to be the longest in the history of Britain. He also made use of secondary sources from collections of already published material to gain insight into the Queens life. He speaks of her wedlock to Albert and of her being the mother of nine children who proudly showed them to domestic and foreign dignitaries (Walter

Letter Requesting university to allow the reenrolment of the student Essay

Letter Requesting university to allow the reenrolment of the student who has failed the subject twice - Essay ExampleThe precisely excuse for me is that in that respect are great differences between educational standards of two counties and organization of the education process.During the first stratum of study, things were really different for me I was disadvantaged champions and family support. I had no one to give a piece of advice and emotionally support me. Within my class, I did not have a true friend to analyze and equalise my educational progress and achievements. My life resembled a snow ball one problem caused another problem, etc. It seemed reasonable to expect that there would be cross-cultural differences in homework preferences similar to learning style preferences. But I learnt the same way as I had taught it in my internal country.I am grateful to Professor Antony who directs and supports me in my professional growth and career development. Professor Antony adv ised me to work with a construction company as an architect in order to improve my academic results and skills. On holidays, I went back to my home country, India, and worked under an architect office for two months. During this period, I worked sticky on my weak areas due to which I was facing academic difficulties. I understand that there is growing need for highly trained staff specialists, as well as for architects to coordinate the work and construction projects.I am very serious about my career and this year is crucial and precious clock for me. I ask you for a chance to continue education and develop strong personal skills and values important in my profession. Every vocation has its special(a) satisfactions and frustrations, when considered from the viewpoint of routines and rewards. If you give me a chance to re-enrol, I will take into account all my weak areas and previous problems 1) my attendance is going to be coke%2) at least a week before or 4 days before, I will complete my submissions and show them to the tutor for his review 3) as I already mentioned, I have worked on my weaknesses so I will not have any difficulties during this course 4) by now, I am very comfortable with Australian cultural environment, and therefore will be making more friends within a class with whom I can compare my work and progress 5) instead of working at home for my submissions, I will work on studio or cad so I can mix with other students and can compare my progress. In order to meet the challenge, it is important to compare your progress with other students. This plan will add together true only if I could get your support at this last year of my studies. If still I find I am not equal for this course I will withdraw from the course myself. From time to time, all of us have some difficulties and problems in our life and we really need a helping hand to solve these issues. In difficult life situation, every person needs a chance to prove his professional and p ersonal strengths. This year was a real trial for me, but I achieved personal and professional growth. enchant re-enrol me to prove I am a worthy student of the University. Please give me a helping hand at this difficult period in my

Mexican Trade and Exports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mexican Trade and Exports - Research Paper ExampleTo offer a better vox populi of what this business associations means to the two nations, US exports to Mexico are bigger than the total US sales to the BRIC nations that is Brazil, Russia, India, and Canada altogether, including integrated exports to Great Britain , Belgium Netherlands, , and the France. Twenty-two nations term Mexico as their basic or second sales market, and it is a top-five export center for 4teen different nations. American customers and businesses buy huge amounts of bilateral manufactured items and services from Mexico similar produce, automobiles, and petroleum among others. Yet, for each dollar Mexico makes from selling to the US, it shall in turn use 50 cents on US items or services that are a unquestionable gain to their economy and illustrates the really extra ordinary quality of this trade or bilateral manufacturing association (Mesia, 2008, 14). Mexico is much greater than a nation with which US sim ply goes on to share a 2,000-mile length land boundary. It is significant for US to notice that Mexico is among their major important commercial associates in the sphere. ... It has a high-developed high learning system, which is just next to Chile in Latin America. Despite being a dominant petroleum manufacturing business, Mexico attains 20% of its power from recycled sources. It is the second biggest manufacturer of silver in the sphere and the biggest manufacturer of the Blackberry smart mobile, and several different products (Weaver, 2012, 45). Fig.1 Available from 30 November 2013. Mexico is an affiliate of the Group of 20 (G-20) and of the Organization for Co-operation and economical Development (OCED). It possesses the second largest number of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in the hemisphere that develops an inspiring business system that encompasses 43 nations on three continents. This forms a impertinently chance for global trade and foreign direct venture because it offe rs the nation and its business associates specifically the US, tactical availability of a prospective market of more(prenominal) than one billion customers that represents about 60% of the globes GDP. An important section of Mexicos business prosperity in the global field comes in huge portion from its attempts to get rid of commercial and trading rules that prevented its capacity to fight in the international market and attract overseas direct venture. Mexico has bring down its import tariffs through a standard of 13% to 15% in the past one year. It is presently much simpler to market items into the Mexican market, provided that just four import protocols are required for a home or overseas enterprise to purchase items or services abroad and bring them into the nation to worthy increase or to sell. This positions Mexico in a better place than the United States, India, China, and Brazil (Hamnett, 2009,

Question 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Question 2 - Assignment ExampleWhile there are reported approximately positive trends during the recent years including enhancement of the entrepreneurial environment in the country (Roberts 2012), there still are some critical zones that make billet environment less attractive. Thus, for example, based on the infrastructure, red tape, corporate governance, corruption and crime criteria, Philippines is ranked in the last position comparing with Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand (Escribano et al, 2009). Moreover, Philippines fail to foster the investors and there are more difficulties in obtaining credits than in its Asian neighbor countries. In terms of attraction of foreign direct investment to the political economy of Philippines, there also exist some formal and informal barriers imposed by government combined with weak judicial system and corruption (Roberts, 2012). tout ensemble these factors make Philippines less desired destination for multinational corporations and foreig n direct investments. Based on the recent World Bank survey results, Philippines fall toward the butt of the ranking of business-friendly environment (Lesher, & Plummer 2011). However, despite even its unfavorable investment climate, according to the UNCTAD, in the first half of 2013 there was recorded the second biggest FDI inflow to the Philippines among ASEAN countries (Malinao, 2013).Escribano, A., Guasch, J., de Orte, M., & Pena, J. (2009). enthronement Climate Assessment in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand Results from Pooling Firm-Level Data.Singapore Economic Review,54(3),

LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

LAW - Essay ExampleThe element reality of the consent, on the other hand, refers to the need that the consent by either or all parties must not have been vitiated by any misrepresentation, fraudulent or otherwise, whilst the capacity to centralise is a personal requirement on the part of the parties of the contract that they do not possess any legal disqualifications to enter into it. A disqualification for example is minority. Finally, the legality of the contract refers to the ability of the contract and its terms to hold before the law. Put in other words, the contract must not be legally in effectual (Mead, Sagar & Back p 56). The occupation at bar, calls for the application of the laws of contract formation particularly on the validity of acceptances and offers.The problem at hand concerns the initial phase of contract-making which is the formation of the contract. The problem here lies in the fact that there was a mix-up of the different elements of the agreement like offer and acceptance and the problem seeks to determine whether there was a valid formation of a contract and with which parties.The problem involves UCL Property Developers, the inviting party, and two companies vying for the building contract the DC Builders, and the GB Construction. The order of events is first, UCL gave out invitations to tender to building contractors for the twist of its administration offices second, DC Builders and GB Construction were the lowest bidders and pre-qualifiers for 2, 250,000, and 2, 410,000, respectively and each attached its own conditions and terms distinct from UCLs third, UCL awarded DC with the contract, in a letter, but for a slightly less amount and in accordance with its own terms fourth, DC threatened to withdraw its offer if UCL does not advance acceptance within five days fifth, DC formally

A Leap Further By Being Stiff Essay Example for Free

A Leap Further By Being idiotic EssayThe concept of being inflexible or being stiff in making decisions has been conceivably one of the finest characteristic which has served the protagonists in the famous stories make in Asian literature. Pak Hun in The Descendants of Cain, the student in Ya Dafus Sinking and Junshi in Creation, portray a character which in one show or another gives light to what appears to be sturdy sense of disposition in the arena of decision making and in the context of survival and collaborationism with the other characters in the story. Perhaps that certain point of personality is nevertheless one of the viable factors why the aforementioned roles portrayed has been greatly regarded by the consider audience, and in a larger concept, patronized as distinctive and distinguishing for that instance (Anderson).Pak Hun in Hwang Sun-wons Descendants of Cain The main character of the story is Pak Hun, which is characterized as a passive person with eternally hesitant and ineffectual finesse. Even though he is placed in a pedestal of social and political turbulence over the issue of survival and the perception of not acting is not surviving, the author gave him a powerful disposition in the love story that he has shared with the married lover, Ojaknyo. His nostalgic yet inexorable presupposition on how to help the people in his village without compromising his fists just to save the love he has painstakingly pampered has caused him well in leading on to his venture in life and manhood.Unlike the other heroes in most stories, Pak Hun is deprived to act in his own will, driven by the horrors of reality and of what seemed to be his inherited fate in social class and on his manner in taking on the course of life. Apparently, this so-called stated cowardice has served him the best of his effort, his compassion for others has deliver him from the infamous destiny that he has forsaken. Being sympathetic and sensitive has been a obtain of sy ntax towards emotion and a stronger drive for the Hamlet-like character to lead more than what he might further get in return of the inflexibility not to move mountains but to live a life worth living (Choe).The Student in Ya Dafus Sinking The connotation of national allegory in Yu Dafus Sinking offers an articulate and interwoven portrayal as represented by the student in the story (Denton). Consequently, several critics portrayed the character as that which depicts the political situation of China as well as with the state of powerlessness that it is experiencinggradually that of a modern mind, alienated from the faade of the society, turned in on itself, ultimately divided and desolate for liberalismpsychologically apart from the social milieu.Sexual liberalism was rarely stated in the story, hence, in the general context in deciphering the meaning of the whole gist of the story, it would be seen that the student is after the affection of love and sexual activitywhich on the more complex comprehension determines the dark state of crisis of China in that certain point of time. The protagonists patience and admiration to the flow of what seemed to be natural way of life has saved him from being off the scene of explicit exposure to the red light society which he later finds out to be a beneficial affair within the grasp of the May Fourth dilemma.Those who were behind the bars of desperation have been emotionally convicted in living in agonys apprehension and apparently making them a part of the unidentified sinking icons in their community. All of which lead to a single idea that the protagonist himself his leading a social transformation through the light of handed-downism. Nevertheless, it showed that the point of sinking was happening in a nationalistic schema which in the vortex of the south and traditional Chinas scenario, it may be taken to assumption that a moral community has longed for a distant sense of transformation which is clouded by a strike of fantasy and illusion.Junshi in Mao Duns Creation The Creaation, published in the year 1928 commences the story with Junshi, an intellectual man experiencing a crisis in life and a flashback of emphasis on failed projects which on the brighter side has made the protagonist gain much by choosing to stick on the effect of what has been defined as lacking of revolutionary consciousness. The ostensibly optimist portrayal with regard to womens emancipation has been symbolized through Junshis stubborn yet sanguine personality which fueled his drive to overcome pessimism (Anderson). The inflexible and confining ideals that has bewildered Junshi was basically a manifestation on his dream and hope, perceivably, to transform his wife, Xianxian through the advent of providing her with the creature comforts and educational entities which are aimed to mold her into a fashionable and politically and culturally inclined woman.Junshi then later finds out that his so-called creation of his wife has not given him the ample point of expectation that he wished to have, earlier making him the person who is to catch up rather than one to have molded his wife in return. The very fact that it has weakened his wifes dependence on him and made her stronger in an astonishing effectunlike the other characters in the aforementioned stories, inflexibility in Junshis case has been unsuccessful and has even made him see himself as a pitiful and apathetic person rather than that which ruled their marriage.Works CitedAnderson, Marston. Beyond Realism The Eruption of the Crowd. Mao Dun, Zhang Tianyi, and the Social Impediments to Realism The Regents of the University of California, 1990.Choe, Wolhee. The Descendants of Cain. Pacific Affairs 73.2 (2000) 2.Denton, Kirk A. The Distant Shore Nationalism in Yu Dafus Sinking. Chinese Literature Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) 14 (1992) 107-23.

Stand Up Zamboanga! Essay Example for Free

Stand Up Zamboanga EssayWe cannot deny the fact that hatred and lack of unity and peace direct to Zamboanga Crisis. Just for example, recently were facing the pork barrel scam issue wherein some of our recognized political leaders are involved to and they are just trying to divert the peoples attention and as a result, a war broke out in Zamboanga City. And also racial and religious discrimination between Christians and Muslims.The MNLF leader Nur Misuari wants to claim Zamboanga City as his cause, and strive to fight for his selfish ambition by leading his men to construct trouble in the city resulting to deaths of innocent people, loss of homes especially in the affected areas, destruction of properties, trauma, fear, hatred, absence in work, missing out important lectures and take aim activities for students, loss of income especially to those who need to work daily to earn a living and the dwindling state of the citys economy as a whole. The government sectors and non-go vernment offices should work hand in hand for faster crisis rehabilitation in Zamboanga City as well as the volunteers and community as a whole. They should implement new strategies how to cope up and solve the conflict situations in the shortest possible time to avoid further damages.The higher officials should display a consumption model in strictly abiding the citys rules and regulations instead of involving in certain anomalies and controversies. So that the people can learn to trust and paying attention them and can follow and learn to abide in the government policies too. They should never tolerate violence and crime so that the people will not abhorrence and rebel and will learn how to be God-fearing with decentlyeousness in mind.We are living in the modern era where the trend of technology is a great help in the rehabilitation program of the city, community, evacuees and future generation. For example the use of different media of communications same(p) radio broadcastin g, social internet sites like facebook and twitter wherein people can be well-informed and they can express their sides and opinions, encouraging and consoling one another eventually forgetting the trauma at the right time.Also we can connect with our fellow Filipinos from other areas, regions and countries offering help by giving voluntary donationssuch as relief goods, rice, clothings, sanitary kits and encourage tents for the evacuees. Our allies from other nations especially U.S. also help in providing high tech military equipments, sharing their knowledge about new strategies and tactics in combating the enemies and training our own soldiers.Even as student and citizen of Zamboanga City, I can contribute towards building a better Zamboanga by starting in my own little way of helping other people in need. I can devote my time studying hard and become a headmaster serving our own city and educating the young so that they can have the proper mindset that we Zamboangueos can be u nited and can be peacefully working together despite our religious differences in achieving progress and prosperity in our city.

Christian spirituality Essay Example for Free

Christian spirituality EssayPeople in this demesne confine diverse attention to dissimilar facet of their lives. Some of which believes in a certain perception contrary to the views of the separate and it all boils d stimulate to a premise that we in this universe father enormous preferences which rattling makes us unique. Similarly, it has the kindred wavelength when we put into account the very imperative issue of faith and plastered adherence to believing in divinity fudge. Donald Miller in his masterpiece rich like Jazz, he exemplifies the avenues of spirituality and how it is possible to enlighten the views of the readers as they go by the work of art. Uplifting the souls is the focal element of the designer and parallel to this, the central aspiration of this paper is also to epitomize the intriguing views of the author and at the same time squeeze aside the necessary lessons in manner that will ultimately open the minds of the readers. By having the views of the book by means of its meaningful experiences of the author, we could stimulate a brilliant grasp to what actually is intent in a spiritual way. Any occurrences that gull been demonstrated in the book will truly it will shed light to our naked eye.The psycheal reflections of the author contri furthither to our understanding to the nature of God and how to respond to this indulgent. The ingredients in Donald Millers Blue like Jazz ar driven by the perceptions towards sex, fill in, community, family and God. It absolutely speaks on what it feels to commence an in depth connection with God and how to examine our inner self on what we truly believed in despite the challenges of our malicious environment. The point of view as regards to searching for spirituality and believers who wanted to have a good kin with God was the intentions of this masterpiece.It is intended in the latter part of the paper to expound in a Christian approach the impressions and attitudes in relatio n to the concept of Miller. Indeed, it is evaluate that at the end of this paper, the readers should have a strong attachment in relation to the subject matter of spirituality and the things that it entails. Donald Miller tackles the lifes spices which includes sex. The capitulum of does love lot be truly be proven by sex is at hand. It has been said that you throw out love with all your heart but you cannot scientifically examine it.Accordingly, it is an intense picture which flows inside that makes your personality fortify. The feeling surely brightens our outlook even though it does not undergo several essay because what proves it is our own selves per se, love for example is a true emotion but it is not rational, what I mean is raft actually feel it, I have been in love, plenty of people have been in love yet love cannot be proved scientifically (Miller, 2003). The author makes use of the penguins as eccentric person in point in elaborating how making love can truly tran sform into somewhatthing essential in our lives.It says the instances wherein penguins have their own way of showing their love to their partners and at the same time giving value to their siblings. The intensity of emotions in relation to their responsibilities was intact in this scenario. The male penguins take oblige of the responsibility of aspect after the eggs and in due time the eggs will mature. It has been demonstrated how the female penguins goes back after sometime to witness their little penguin. This was a good elaboration of a strong connection with our loved ones.We sense the right time when it is necessary for us to be there. Similarly, Miller take hold of this picture to emphasize the essentiality of faith that without even seeing it, we know that the love of God is there for us. The timing that the penguins epitomize truly connotes a strong feeling of union that is so unique in our being rational. Being a Christian entails a lot of faith to be capable to have a strong grip on what we believed in. Indeed, it signify us the right usage of our intellect and free will as we chooses to have a race with our God.I dont think you can explain how Christian faith works. It is a mystery and I love this near Christian spirituality. It cannot be explained and yet it is beautiful and true. It is something you feel and it comes from the soul ( Miller, 2003), on a brilliant concept, the secret ingredient of a happy life is no some some otherwise than the sizable bond with God hand in hand with the faith that we have in our lives. In relation to the love that has been showed to us by the instances in the lives of the penguins, we can perceive how essential it is to feel the love and give it back as well.As we all knew, love is a huge topic but at the same time the most interesting subject matter of all time. It is the one wherein we could all take part into. Furthermore, it is the area where varieties of people of all ages can adapt which makes it mo re interesting for that matter. The reflection of Christ love for the church can emulate in the event of man and wife where two souls binds together to be one. The acceptance of differences as well as giving back the love that they received towards the other are the things that makes a real and coercive relationship.The vocation of wedlock enlightens us and ultimately gives joy to our everyday lives. Giving ourselves completely to others has a very deep meaning because it entails acceptance of other person in our life and submission of our inner self. In the circumstance that Miller shares to its readers when he had a conversation with capital of Minnesota, his friend who is very happy in his married life, he got the actualisation how incredible it is to be in love and to be loved.Given that some of his friends give him a feedback of a wrong approach of dealing with women, upon talking to Paul he realized that marriage encompass to love your self as well. In order to protect you r relationship it is essential to have a grammatical constituent that will compromise the both parties. In the case of Paul and his wife, they find time to have their own privacy, in that way theyd be able to respect each other which also gives mystery to the relationship that they have, Im saying there are stuff I cant tell her not because I dont want to but because there arent words.Its like we are separate people and there is no getting inside each other to read each others thoughts, each others beings ( Miller, 2003). In accordance with this, marriage is not all about the two people that has been bind together, it is also about who is the center of their relationship which truly binds them together, I am glad I married Danielle and I will be with her forever but there are places in our lives that only God can go ( Miller, 2003). It is imperative to have God as the center of our relationship. He brings out the best in us when He guides us.As we consistently ask for His love and guidance, the relationship that we have will ultimately be filled with joys and abundance of love, I mean that to be in a relationship with God is to be loved rigorously and furiously ( Miller, 2003). The best exemplification of what we have learned from the undying love of God to its people was our strength to do the same with our loved one and to other people that surrounds us. As we go back to the essentiality of grace, the application of such is a contributing element in making a successful family life surrounded by blessings and guidance of our almighty.Does the connection we have with God extend a deep relationship with the people that surround us? This is an uncertainty that some of us having a hard time finding the real answer because we are in one way or the other uncertain to what we really wanted to build as relationship with the people we rarely know. Parallel to this, at some in our lives we find it hard to accept a person beyond our wavelength. We set criteria of who we are apt to build rapport to the point that sometimes neglect the importance of a person basing on his or her identity element and not in his/her spirituality.How the community that you belong really changes your outlook in life and your relationship with God? At some point in our lives, we got utilize to living in our own way far from other people. We live and spend our time alone that we miss the part of our lives that we get along with other people in our community, I didnt know what to think about living in community at first. I had lived on my own for about six years and the idea of moving in with a bunch of slobs didnt appeal to me ( Miller, 2003).In lieu of which the exchange of ideas that we get from other people is also essential in our existence in this realm and we could only get this by means of interacting with other people. Like that of what the author showed to us, the interaction with other people was lacking in a sense that became self centered. Some of the peop le that surround us might misinterpret that gestures that we convey simply because we are not used to living with other people. The lessons of life can simply be available if we look at life in a different manner and that is to intermingle with the people in our community.On top of this, it is good to apprehend that God enlightens our perspectives in life. He usually guides us in any(prenominal) decision we come up to and in this case, God makes him realize the importance to dealing with other people and appreciate their existence, God brought me to Graceland to rid me of this deception, to scrub it out of the gray matter of my mind ( Miller, 2003). The capabilities that the community has could contribute to the knowledge that we have and in this manner, we can help each other grow in our own little way.Family is one of the focal points of our lives. This is where we get the strength and inspiration that we need to continue with our life. We can never deny the fact that this aspect of our life has a huge impact in our personality as well as with the attitude that we project to the people that surrounds us. It is absolutely the time of our life that we think of other people more than our selves because we prioritize our family more than anything else, If you dont love somebody, it gets annoying when they tell you what to do or what to feel.When you love them you get delight from their pleasure and it makes it easy to serve (Miller, 2003). This instance does not necessarily mean that you wouldnt love and serve God because you dont love Him you dont love Him because you did not see Him. Ultimately, this is not the case when we talk about our faith and love for God. Our strong sentiment in the love of God for us and for humanity was undeniably great. We adhere to His principles and we follow His teachings which make us a better person.Gods love for this human race was irrevocably unconditional that he continuously accepts us despite our shortcomings in life. En ormously, God did a johnal thing in our lives as he consistently touches our souls and guides our ways. As we size up the importance of the authors portrayal of what magic truly is, we might get fascinated with the allure of the thought of magic alone. It is true that when we were younger, our attention was intimately derailed with the magical world but in fact everything is just a trick.In fact, there is a loop hole in every magic that has been showed to us its just that we are too young to recognize it. As a kid, we just focus on the elements that will satisfy our captivation neglecting the truth that magic is just a form of entertainment. I got frustrated because everything that was magic was only a trick, meaning it wasnt really magic, it was an illusion (Miller, 2003), same with our lives, the figment of our imagination lies on what our naked eyes can reach but we miss the part that the reality of life is always at hand.God provides us with wonderful environment where we co uld exhaust all our efforts to achieve what is really beautiful beyond the temporary magic that we acquire for a moment. Everybody wants to be imagine and new. Nobody wants to be themselves but they want to be different (Miller, 2003), it is extremely important to pause for a while and contemplate on what we really ask in our lives. We project a gesture that we are different but what is more important is to have a closer look of what magical feeling God is providing us.Indeed, where we lived at a moment is the result of the brilliant love of God for us. What we are in this universe is the output of Gods honor to this humanity. There are instances in our lives that at some point we have to be rigid with our faith and by doing so, one has to be profoundly well-educated on what really comprises his persona and what he truly believes. Having a strong faith is undeniably one of the greatest discoveries in our lives.The very essence of our perpetrate in God is to know the principles of His words, in lieu of which we are apt to follow His commands that are very important in the foundation of our dogmatic belief in God. It is ultimately important for the people to know God and His wonderful deeds. It is beyond doubt that behind Gods creation lays an astonishing centre of building ourselves completely. God is all knowing that He provides all the things that we need in continuing the path of our lives. We obey God, we follow His will and we become a better person is what truly matters in this masterpiece.In view of the great knowledge that has been embarked on us making available the work of art of Donald Miller, it gives us the enlightenment that we seek as we go along with the pages of this book. The manner in which the author presents his perception was incontestably comprehensible. It gives his reader the time to contemplate and grasp what he really wanted to go halves. Giving examples as well in the context of his elaboration of his insights truly adds to the substance of his subject matter. It really doles out the purpose of the author to stretch the faith of his readers.The values that we got from Blue like Jazz truly define the voice of God. Beneath the pages of this work of art lies the realization that life is secure of magical thought, it is just in our hands to explore these things to make it visible. Our capacity to look at things in a different way is beneficial as we continue to battle with the challenges of life, like that of the book, its mysterious titles expounds what it really wanted to convey in its readers and this is what God wanted to happen, we define our selves in a manner that is reachable and at the same time life worth turning the pages.

Possibility Of A Gender Neutral Language English Language Essay

Possibility Of A Gender Neutral Language English Language EssayAs the story in the defy of Genesis goes God created man and then created women. This joke makes fun of this and is an practice of sexist lyric because it represents men in a light of inadequacy comp bed to women. But, for any joke that represents men in this light in that respect is an even greater amount of dustup that is used to discriminate against women. Lu Min (2009) explains that sexist language is that which uses words, idioms, and expressions that unnecessarily differentiate between women and men or exclude, trivialize, or diminish either gender(26). Phrases such as best man for the job or occupational titles such as policeman or fireman are masculine in their description. This sort of language excludes women who could in fact be the best mortal for the job or similarly, a police officer or firefighter.Language is always changing and in fact in recent years in that location has been a push for more gend er-neutral language as opposed to the sexist language that is already in place. Leaper and Bigler (2004) explain that there has been a pillow slip in peoples speech and writing away from the generic wine use of the masculine pronouns he and masculine compound nouns such as chairman. Instead, it is now common to find people using gender-inclusive language such as he or she or chair someone (138). There is some debate on whether we should comport a gender-neutral language or non. Those in support of a gender-neutral language feel that if this were put into place there would be equality for everyone. Those who are against changing the language that is already in place argue that phrases such as you guys or mankind are already considered gender-inclusive because they refer to all people regardless of gender. They solely follow these words, phrases, and expressions as a quirk in the English language. While there are several languages that use masculine forms such as Chinese, Spanis h, and Italian, the tenseness of my paper will be on English in various parts of the world. I believe that the current masculine forms of language are not inclusive and that there should be more of a push for gender-neutral language whenever possible.Changes in language will inevitably take course through the length of time and if more people who speak English become aware of the gender-bias that currently is in place eventually we may be able to entertain a language that is more gender-inclusive. From my research, Ive observed that there is currently a trend of making language more inclusive. For example, in America in a study done at Virginia Commonwealth University, researchers undercoat that there was consciousness of gendered-biased language as being sexist. Similarly, young people in Australia who speak English, since the 1980s, have been pushing for more generic phrases when referring to individuals. In Hong Kong, speakers of English prefer a masculine form of language a lone through studying college students they have found that feminist movements in the West are having great impacts on the way young people speak.Deborah Cameron (1992) cites Robin Lakoffs Language and Womans Place which asserts that there is a feature of speech register or womens language consisting of certain linguistic gestures and connoting tentativeness, deference, and lack of informantity. Women are tenderized into using this style of speech as part of their subordinate hearty position (15). This is what experts would classify as the dominance approach because it demonstrates a power/powerless relationship among men and women. Another approach that Cameron cites is the difference approach which claims that differences in the speech behaviors between men and women come about due to the differences in socialization. As the author puts it, in most cultures there is still considerable social segregation of the sexes, and children learn their conversational strategies for the m ost part in single-sex peer groups. Research suggests that these are organized differently for the two sexes (15). Leaper and Bigler (2004) invoke the proceeding of Whorfian who says that language shapes thought (131). More specifically, they argue that some previous research supports the notion that the use of gendered language and having gender-stereotypic thoughts are reciprocally related (131). This goes back to the example of occupational title such as policeman, congressman, or waitress as having to do with the particular person in that position.As I mentioned earlier there is a group of individuals who believe that the English Language is already gender-inclusive. To this group of individual the phrase man would be used as a content of classifying both men and women such as the bourne mankind. This is illogical for several reasons. For example, if we take this idea of the verge man encompassing both males and females and apply it to a similar set of words we quickly find that it does not hold. We can say that a miniature poodle and an alligator are both animals. The term animal like man is being used in a generic sense. It would be correct to say that every miniature poodle is an animal. It would as well as be correct to say that every alligator is an animal. While at a park you may hear someone say I see an animal. There is no real need to specify whether that animal is an alligator or a dog if that person is just making an observation. There are certain times, however, that this information may be useful. If someones life was being threatened by an alligator you may hear another individual warm the person about to be attacked by saying Thats an alligator instead of just using the generic animal.If we take the generic term person which can nasty either a male or female and use it in the following sentence This person is having a spoil we would assume that this person is a female. To say that this man is having a baby would not only sound funny but it would also be incorrect. Men simply cannot have babies. So, if the term man was generic in what it refers to, either males or females, it would be acceptable to say that man had a baby. Again, we run into a problem of the term not being generic in what it is referring to and thus proves that the term man does not subsume both terms of describing gender. Kenichi Namai (2000) cites a study by Greenbaum and Quirk that explains that in English, gender is not a feature of nouns themselves (as in such languages as German or Russian). Rather, it relates directly to the meanings of nouns, with particular reference to biological sex (771). What the author is basically arguing is that English should not show any grammatical agreements between terms such as those that are used to refer to gender. In the article, Namai gives the example sentence he hit herself (773). This sentence is incorrect for what Namai explains as not being a syntactic disagreement with the antecedent and reflexive but says that the conflict arises from a disagreement between the antecedents in terms of sex (774). So if we refer back to the problem of the sentence that man had a baby we see that the problem arises from a disagreement in terms of sex. This would mean that the identification of man being inclusive of all genders is incorrect.Jochnowitz (1982) cites a similar lineage from Robin Lakoff who says My feeling is that this area of pronominal neutralization is both less in need of changing, and less open to change, than many of the other disparities that have been discussed earlier, and we should maybe concentrate our efforts where they will be most fruitful (200). This is strike because this article is written as Jochonowitz claims from a feminist perspective, yet the author Lakoff does not advocate abandoning indefinite he (200). Murdock and Forsyth (1985) in a discussion of Lakoff say that Lakoff would agree that the generic he does refer more to men than to women, but notes tha t the long-range consequences of the oft-used phrase may be fairly trivial (40). The two studies by Murdock and Forsyth were conducted to define reactions to gender-biased language empirically (39). What they aimed at finding out, as the title of their work suggests, is gender-biased language considered sexist. In the first study individuals were asked to evaluate the sexism in several sentences that contained no bias, used words as man or he in the generic sense, or referred to women in an unfair, stereotypical manner (39). The second study focused on examining reactions in a more naturalistic context by petition respondents to evaluate an essay written using all plural pronouns, generic pronouns, or generic pronouns plus evaluative stereotypic phrasings (39). What Murdock and Forsyth discovered was that the reactions to gender-biased language were interpreted as being sexist. This goes back to the original argument that gender-biased language is in fact not inclusive of both sexe s.Another particular finding for Murdock and Forsyth that is surprising is that all do not agree concerning the sexist nature of masculine-biased language (47). Lead this to Hong Kong English Australian English Look for Strahan Discussion Note end

Discussing The Characteristics Of Mobile Learning Information Technology Essay

Discussing The Characteristics Of supple Learning Information Technology Essay runny learning is the point at which rambling work out and electronic learning intersect to produce an alltime, bothwhere learning experience. As mobile phone becomes popular in the society and many people stop afford the cost, the demand of mobility is ext breaked to teaching and learning purposes.2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF MOBILE LEARNING lively learning is changing. It is todays content not old in the raws. On-line experts and best sources for emergencies ar available2Mobile learning operates in real time. Learners get what they need, when they need it2.Mobile learning is collaborative as people learn from one an otherwise. It connects learners with experts, colleagues and professional peers2.Mobile learning is individual. Every learner selects activities from a personal menu of learning opportunities most relevant to his/her background at that very moment2.Mobile learning is comprehensive. It pe rmits learning events from many sources enabling learners to select a favored format or learning method or training provider2.Mobile learning builds learning communities whose members forge2.2.2 THE deepen OF LEARNING PARADIGMSSourcehttp//www.te.ugm.ac.id/widyawan/mobilearn/MobilearnParadigm.pdf2.3 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTIONSSource http//www.te.ugm.ac.id/widyawan/mobilearn/MobilearnParadigm.pdf2.4 HISTORY OF MOBILE DEVICESModern mobile devices began with the Apple Newton in 1993, followed by the Palm take flight in 1996. Five years later, the pocket pc and the introduction of flash p socio-economic class were the contiguous signifi chiffoniert introduction and have since been apply for educational purposes. The next major development occurred when cell phones gained the capabilities of Personal Digital Assistants(PDAs) and merged connectivity.The various types of connectivity available through mobile devices include Wide Area Nedeucerk (WAN), topical anaesthetic Area Ne twork (LAN) and Personal Area Network(PAN). Within the bea of education, it was originally envisioned that handheld devices could serve as computer replacements in which full courses could be interpreted.Currently, thither exist multiple devices available for mobile learning, ranging from PDAs to video players to cell phones. Add-ons to mobile devices such as cameras, barcode readers and Global Positioning System (GPS) are similarly popular.2.5 USING MOBILE DEVICES FOR LEARNINGFigure 1 shows students access to mobile devices.MAP FOR MOBILEFigure 22.6 MOBILE LEARNING FRAMEWORKIt is predicted that the next phase of electronic learning development will be focused in mobile learning. Mobile learning is the point at which mobile cypher and electronic learning intersect to produce an anytime, anywhere learning experience2.The following is a proposed framework for mobile learningMobile Learning occupationsMobile user Infrastructure ( browser, handheld devices)Mobile Protocol(adoption of content with WAP)Mobile Network Infrastructure (cellular systems, satellites amongst others)Figure 3Level 1 Mobile Learning ApplicationsMany new applications are becoming possible and many existing electronic learning applications can be modified for a mobile environment2.Level 2 Mobile User InfrastructureIn the mobile user infrastructure level, the design of new mobile learning applications should cater for the capabilities of the user mobile devices2.Level 3 Mobile ProtocolIn the mobile protocol level, the aim is to hide the underlying entanglements details from applications while providing a uniform and aristocratical-to-use interface2.Level 4 Mobile Learning InfrastructureIn the mobile network infrastructure level, service quality primarily depends on network resources and capabilities2.2.7 CHOICE OF MOBILE DEVICE man various types of mobile devices can be used in mobile learning, the mobile device that will be considered during the development of the application will be m obile phone.2.8 MOBILE PHONEWherever you go nowadays, you can see people carrying their mobile phone with them. Mobile phone allows talk across the world, assorted countries and abroad countries.Nowadays, mobile phones do not only support voice calls, they can receive data and faxes, send short messages(SMS), access WAP services and provide full profits access victimization technologies such as GPRS.At the present time, mobile phones support receiving set technologies such asInfraredBluetooth3GWAP wireless fidelity2.8.1 LIMITATIONS OF MOBILE PHONEHowever, mobile phones possess various constraints that may affect their progress in the future. These are described as followsLimited storage microscopical runtime heapModest processor performanceLimited screen size2.8.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LATEST MOBILEPHONES2.9 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES radio set Technologies denotes technologies in which the use of wire for communication is eliminated. Radio and TV broadcasting to mobile phone and B luetooth are examples of wireless technologies. The latter was un-imaginable till Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in 1886-1988 demonstrated the transmission and reception of wireless signals4.2.9.1 DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL WIRELESSTECHNOLOGIESRadioFM and AM radio is the first to use wireless engine room commercially. This brings wireless technology to the common man4. video recordingAnother step ahead with wireless technology is Television broadcast. This introduces wireless technology even closer4.MobileMobile Technology such as GSM and CDMA make a revolution on communication and it uses time division, frequency division and code division multiplexing. These include the la tryout and hottest example of wireless technologies4.GPSLatest and superlative technology that uses wireless is Global positioning system-radio waves are used for this4.Bluetooth/WI-FI/InfraredWith the introduction of computers, all these technologies are becoming popular to everyone. All these technologies are found on wi reless. Bluetooth uses short range wireless technology that allows connection to various types of electronic equipment like printers, mobiles, camera amongst others to computers. WI-FI is mainly used to establish a wireless LAN and wireless earnings connection which is called as hotspots4.2.9.2 INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL WIRELESSTECHNOLOGIES at that place are three technologies that best suit the communication of two or more computers using standard network protocol without network cabling. An overview of these three technologies is described belowWAPThe WAP protocol stack is made up of theApplication layerSession layerTransaction layerSecurity layerTransport layerIt provides an environment in which applications and services for portable and wireless devices are developed and executed.It includes a microbrowser, a markup language interface and push technology for the transmission of data to applications residing on clients plus multimedia message capabilities and content formats. r adiocommunication Application Protocol(WAP) or WAP 2.0 is next generation of the WAP spec that delivers a richer and more secure experience to mobile internet services and even printers.WI-FIWi-Fi stands for Wireless fidelity and is used to define any of the wireless technology in the IEEE 802.11 specification including the wireless protocols 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g. The Wi-Fi Alliance is the body responsible for promoting the term and its association with various wireless technology standards5.A Wi-Fi network can also be used to enable connectivity to a larger Local Area Network(LAN) , Wide Area Network(WAN) or the internet5.To be able to use Wi-Fi, you must be using a computer or PDA that possess Wi-Fi connectivity already working. Most portable computers can add Wi-Fi using an adapter that plugs into a PC card slot or USB port5.Wi-Fi is supported by many applications and devices including video game consoles, home networks, PDAs, mobile phones, major operating systems and other types of consumer electronics6.BluetoothBluetooth wireless technology is a short range communication technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable and/or contumacious devices while maintaining high levels of security7.The structure and the global acceptance of Bluetooth Technology means any Bluetooth enable devices, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices located in proximity to one another7.Connections amidst Bluetooth enabled electronic devices allow these devices to communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc networks known as piconets7.2.9.3 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISONThere exist numerous technologies to develop a mobile application. Hence, a comparison is made between these technologies in order to select the most appropriate technology depending upon the requirement of the system to be developed.Range Worldwide 10 m 100 mFrequency range 1000-Mbit/s 2.4 Ghz 2.4 Ghz dribble range 54 Mbps 1 Mbps 10MbpsPowe r High 1/5 of Wi-Fi HighPenetration Penetrate objects Penetrate objects Penetrate objectsLine of sight not required Not required Not requiredCost Cheap Cheap Cheap2.10 WAP TECHNOLOGYWAP is an enabling technology based on the internet client innkeeper architecture model for transmission and presentation of information from the World Wide Web(WWW) and other applications utilizing the Internet Protocol(IP) to a mobile phone or other wireless terminal. However, WAP is a global standard developed by the WAP Forum for wireless devices to access the intranet and telephony services. WAP can also be used to access data from corporate intranets through public or private IP networks8.Figure 3 shows the WAP services that are currently offered.Figure 42.10.1 FORMATION OF WAPEricson, Motorola, Nokia and Phone.com founded the WAP forum in June 1997 to create license-free standards for the entire industry to use in order to develop products based on WAP.2.10.2 WAP SPECIFICATIONSWAP is an open spec ification that defines a set of protocols application, session, transaction, security and transport layers. To leverage existing programming and development skills, WAP is based on existing standards and protocols such as XML, HTTP, UDP, HTML and Javascript8.The key elements of the WAP specification includeA well-known application development framework- The WAP transport model is analogous to the internet model, except for the gateway that is inserted between the web server and the client8.WML(Wireless Markup Language) as the standard markup language.A browser inside WAP services that parses WML and WMLScript8.A framework to support advanced telephony, like WWW to mobile messaging, call forwarding, mobile to fax access and address book access8.Figure 5Figure 4 compares a protocol stack based on the internet model to WAP. As you can see, numerous networks are included in WAP with the ultimate goal of targeting multiple networks.WIRELESS SESSION LAYER(WSP)The wireless session protoco l is an interface between the application layer and delivers all functions that are needed for wireless connections. A session mainly consists of 3 phases start of the session, transferring information back and forth and the end of the session. Additionally, a session can be interrupted and started again(from the point where it was interrupted)9.WIRELESS TRANSACTION PROTOCOLThe Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) is a transaction-oriented protocol, executed using a datagram service. WTP offers the following functions9Three classes of transaction servicesUnreliable one-way takesReliable one-way requestsReliable two-way request/response transactions elective user-to-user reliability featureThe WTP user triggers confirmation for each received message9.WIRELESS TRANSPORTATION LAYER SECURITY(WTLS)The wireless transport layer security is an optional layer or stack which consists of description devices. A secure transmission is crucial for certain applications such as e-commerce or WAP- b anking and is a standard in these days. Furthermore, WTLS contains a check for data integrity, user authentication and gateway security9.WIRELESS DATAGRAM PROTOCOL(WDP)The wireless datagram protocol represents the transfer or transmission layer and is also the interface of the network layer to all the above stack/layers. With the help of the WDP, the transmission layer can be assimilated to the specifications of a network operator. This means that WAP is completely independent from any network operator. The transmission of SMS, USSD, CSD, CDPD, IS-136 packet data and GPRS is supported. The Wireless Control Message Protocol(WCMP) is an optional addition to WAP, which will inform users about occurred errors9.2.10.3 HOW WAP WORKSA typical WAP network consists of the following components8User with WAP-enabled deviceGatewayApplication serverThe Application server can be located in either a public or private IP network. The gateway is normally located in telecom networks still it can be setup by a company using its own computer systems8.A typical scenario using WAP technologyA user with a WAP device requests content from the application server8.The request reaches the gateway first, which does the protocol translation from WAP to HTTP and routes the HTTP request to the destination server8.The server returns WML output and adds HTTP headers to the gateway, depending upon whether dynamic or static pages are requested8.The gateway converts WML and HTTP to binary form to continue bandwidth and returns a WAP response to the user8.The browser inside the WAP device interprets the WML and shows the contents8.2.10.4 WAP LIMITATIONSCompared to PCs, wireless devices are limited in terms of processing power, memory, battery life and display size. opposite issues of low bandwidth, latency and connection stability brings motivation to come up with new set of WAP technologies8.2.11 INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL MOBILE WAP(and Web) INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT programWeb development on mobile phones has long suffered from a rigid platform and the inability for mobile browsers to keep up with current web technologies. You could test your WML code with a cell phone but most providers charge a premium for Web access and testing could cost a lot. Instead, there exist emulators that are available, some of which are packaged with a full SDK while some even include a full Integrated discipline Environment (IDE).2.11.1 WML EMULATORInstead of installing an entire WAP SDK, you can install a WML emulator. An emulator allows you to view the contents of your WML files as they would be appear on the screen of a WAP-enabled device. There are various WAP emulators available. Some are illustrated belowWAP PROOF 2008 professional version 4.2.0327WAP Proof is an emulator of a WAP browser for Microsoft Windows, a universal WML, HTML and XHTML intended for designers of mobile content. It is designed for the preview and debugging of mobile websites.The purpose of a WAP proof is to em ulate the rendering of WML 1.3, HTML, XHTML Mobile pen 1.0 and Chtml documents by different devices. The mobile- oriented content is rendered exactly as if it was downloaded on the real cellphone10.The source code of the WML document can also be viewed as illustrated below.KLONDIKE WAP BROWSERThis is produced by Apache Software. Klondike looks like a Web browser and is therefore very easy to use for beginners. Local WML files can be accessed easily. Klondike WAP Browser employs the Wireless Markup Language (WML) through an implementation of Klondike WAP Microbrowser Engine, including character entities, text input and validation, single and multiple selection boxes, variable substitution, deck-card task and event shadowing, deck access control, rule and POST methods, variable escaping, timers, and BMPs and BMP anchors11.YOSPACEYospace is a mobile application s innovator and platform provider allowing digital publishers, mobile application developers, and mobile operators to rapidl y and affordably deliver mobile video services12. WAP developers can use the desktop edition of the emulator to preview WAP applications from their desktop as the emulator provides a reasonably faithful reverberation of the actual handset products.WinWAPThis is produced by Slob-Trot Software. WinWAP is a WML browser that works on any computer with 32-bit Windows installed. Moreover, it is web browser for WAP made by Winwap Technologies available for Microsoft Windows and any Windows CE powered device, like the common Windows Mobile powered Pocket PC phones13. WML files can be browsed locally from the hard drive or the internet with HTTP(as with your normal browser).2.11.2 WEB SERVER SERVICES SOFTWAREEasyPHP version 5.3.2EasyPHP is a complete software package that allows you to use all the power and the flexibility that dynamic languages like PHP offer as well as the efficient use of databases. Package includes an Apache server, a MySQL database, a full PHP execution, as well as eas y development tools for your applications.You can change MIME configuration in apache to make the server recognize WML pages, WMLS and WBMP.CERN serverIt is a generic public domain full-featured hypertext server that can be used as a regular HTTP server. The server is typically running on port 80 to serve hypertext and other documents but it can also serve as a proxy a server on a firewall machine, that provides access for people inside a firewall to the removed world. Furthermore, the server runs on most Unix platforms14.