Human resource management function Essay

Human resource management function -Able to outsource production or manufacturing in other countries such as Italy, Morocco, Poland and Turkey which are able to make the shirts cheap enough and good enough. -Under a smart boss who is Passionate and skilled in his business. -Limited human capital especially operation directors so that Robert can concentrate on design. The opportunity to bring more operations director on board so that Robert can concentrate on design. -An adverse Change in the international market environment given that they are unable to manufacture cheap and good quality shirts off the road. Accounting and finance function -Very healthy financially especially due to use retained profits to expand. -Has been self-financed after the paternal startup deal. -Good enough people apart from Robert who are able to do tasks such as analytics, accounting and warehousing much better than Robert. -A paternal startup deal which had higher interest rates than local bank rates. -An extremely conservative approach to financing -Angel investors and equity financiers will be willing to invest in the business given its good financial health. -Cutthroat angel investors who has the potential to affect the growth of the business. – Issuing out part of equity will dilute control of ownership which may bring wrangles in future. Marketing function -E-commerce which is already accounting for 15% of sales. -A Loyal customer’s base that is able to market the business by word of mouth and thus no much marketing needed. -Broad patterns of up to 500 patterns -A number of details about the expansion plan still remain sketchy. -Marketing and promotion only rely with word of mouth. -A chance to build itself as a brand by diversifying into other products such as jackets, shoes, belts. -An opportunity to diversify customers seeming to be demanding diversification. -Opportunity for increased number of outlets -The opening up of an online shop which has potential for multiplying sales from the current 15%. -A longer term vision of taking advantage of the growing appetite for the British luxury brands in emerging markets. -Limitation by design and material. A number of parts or areas of the business need more strengthening so as to accelerate the growth and expansion of the business. The area that should be given priority in terms of strengthening it is accounting and finance since it will affect the other functions. The very conservative approach of financing ought to be loosened and the cutthroat angel and equity investors avoided so as avoiding problems that may arise in the future. The human resource management function should be strengthened by encouraging more specialization within the organization such as by hiring operations directors to manage operations that other may concentrate on other tasks like design. Also trying to engage in manufacturing off the road may help to overcome eventualities such as incase of change in the international market environment. The marketing function can be strengthened by having a clear and concise expansion plan and also by getting more materials and designs to help in curbing shortage in future even after outlets have been increased. Culture is a set of shared expectations, beliefs and norms by the members of the same organization. In depth Organizational culture can be described as the ideological system that is shared by the members of the organization, this culture is transmitted through interaction and socialization in the organization and help to shape the behavior of individuals (Schwartz and Davis, 1981: p. 33). The culture in Emmett shirts is shaped by the following factors. First the sector in which the Emmett shirts business operates in greatly influences it and in this case given that the business deals with clothes and specifically shirts where they sell them on retail to the customers. The fact that they are in direct contact with their final consumer makes them to be more friendly to consumers, listening to their suggestions and demands and showing them that they care. Secondly the influence of the founder or the business leader shapes the organizational culture. Robert Emmett being the owner and boss of the organization is key into formulating ideas and ideologies that are embraced by the others in the organization. Robert refers to himself as a smart boss but also quick to note that he is not there yet, this depicts him as someone setting the precedent to work smart and still seeking to do it better and better. He is also very passionate about his business having has started it from scratch and also not to fail to mention his skills especially in design. The other people in the organization tend to benchmark themselves with the leader and thus in Emmett shirts Robert is very crucial in terms of changing the organization culture. The history and tradition of the business also shapes the culture of the organization. Emmett shirts started as a really small entity with a loan from Robert`s father and now through retained earnings it has grown to three outlets all of which are doing great. The history of the business to its current position shapes the ideas and beliefs of what the business can achieve in future. These ideas and beliefs about the business in turn affect the actions and behavior of the workers and all members at large. The organization expectations in terms the growth plan, returns expected, expectations on the workers, the objectives, long term and short term goals, mission and vision to a great extent dictates the culture of the organization. The culture of the organization should support the realization of the organization expectations. The reward system and measurement of performance of the organization also goes a long way in determining the member’s culture. Emmett`s shirts business is also dictated mostly by this factor since its culture has to support its expansion plan of establishing more outlets. The customer base combined with the broad business environment such as legislation and other aspects like competition defines the culture of the organization. A change in the business environment may necessitate a change of culture as the organization adjusts to the changed environment. Emmett shirts may have to change a few aspects so as to address customer’s demands, respond to their feedback and move along with them. The culture of the organization can also be shaped by its environment such that an environment which is competitive may call for the organization to believe in its being the best, deliver quality products and offer excellent services. A Stakeholder of any organization refers to any person or party with an interest in the organization, the interests of different groups may at times conflict. Financial stakeholders in an organization are those who have financial interests in the organization or they will be affected by the state of the organization financially. Table 1.2 showing different stakeholders and their interests. Stakeholder category. Stakeholder. Interests. Internal stakeholders Owner(s), Robert Emmett Financial return or profits and capital gain or increase in value of his investment. Management team or Employees of Emmett shirts. A sense of belonging, payment, job satisfaction, and training. External stakeholders Lender, Robert`s father. Security and interest rate Community Contribution to community. Government/Authorities Taxes and compliance. Customers Supply of properly priced quality goods and services. Plans concerning future growth of Robert`s business through consideration of a number of available business opportunities. The growth plan will affect the different groups with a financial interest in the business. Robert want to expand his business by establishing more outlets, having an online shop, increasing production and in the long term the vision of taking advantage of the growing appetite for the British luxury brands in emerging markets. Implementing these expansion plans means more risks, increased costs and multiplied management problems. The costs will be elastic to changes in the market in which the organization is operating in and thus the cost is likely to vary with future plans. The owner(s) interest to get higher financial returns could be thwarted in the short run if the expansion plans are implemented. The cash which could have been considered as returns to the owner are used in conjunction with other resources to implement the expansion plan. The owner, Robert will have to contend with nil returns for a time as he awaits the newly established projects to break-even. Expansion also means more finances are needed in the process and Robert may be forced to surrender a good proportion of the ownership of the organization to investors who are ready to invest their money in the organization in exchange to a share of ownership. The management and employees of Emmett shirts will also encounter more management problems in the expansion process and also later as they manage the new establishment in its new environment. Some of the workers may be transferred to different locations and others assigned different and more challenging roles. The above will in turn kill the sense of belonging amongst the employees as they are shifted to different locations and probably also diminish job satisfaction. The management and workers may also have to spend cash and time training so as to be able to handle the new challenges in the organization. Lenders of the business such as Robert`s father who provided the capital for starting the business, their financial interest in the firm i.e. repayment of principal amount and interest may be adversely affected. Loans are supposed to be repaid periodically of which it may not be possible if the expansion plan is quite over-ambitious or done over-aggressively without considering the ramifications of doing that. To avoid a scenario where loan repayment plan fails it is instrumental to plan and budget wisely. Costs can be differentiated into different types and categories which require different treatment in the budget. Variable (VC) or proportional and fixed costs (FC) are the main costs incurred in any business. Although there are intermediaries between the two main costs such are: semi-variable costs, semi-fixed costs. The above classification depends purely on the cost responsiveness to changing levels of business activity. Fixed costs remain constant throughout and do not change even if the level of business activity changes, semi –fixed costs tend to change a little bit to changes in business activity. Variable or proportional costs change with a change in the level of business activity; semi-variable costs have an element of not being very much responsive to change in the level of business activity. In the expansion phase FC rarely change much but VC will change with a slight change in activity level. Table 1.3 Showing the different types of costs in Emmett shirts business and their classification. No Item(Cost) Category Description Rent Fixed costs Cost of hiring space for retailing or warehousing. Labor and wages Variable costs Payment to workers and casual laborers. Designing Variable costs This is the cost used to make designs for manufacturing. Materials Variable costs These are materials or garment used to make the shirts License Fixed costs The newly established outlets will need licenses for them to start operating. Research Variable cost This helps to determine aspects such as location and demand. Depreciation Fixed cost It is the cost of loss of value of machines Motor vehicle Variable cost It will help in transportation of materials and personnel Marketing Variable cost Promotion and advertising especially for new outlets. Consultancy costs Variable costs To help comply with regulations and requirements in the new environment Packaging materials Variable costs Management Allowances Variable costs Establishing new outlets may necessitate additional allowances. Furniture Fixed costs Such as additional tables and chairs The human resource management in the case of Emmett Shirts is wanting in terms of specialization of tasks in the organization. Those doing design should be different from those engaged in managing the operations of the business. Hiring more talented personnel such as operation directors may go a long way in enhancing efficiency and dealing with future challenges that may arise as the business grows. Under the marketing function the expansion plan should be clear and the option to take that is whether to diversify as per customer demands. E-commerce has more potential and can help much in online marketing of the shirts. (Hurley 2011 p. 16) Globalization is the integration of economies, markets, industries, cultures and policy formulation. Globalization has both positive and negative effects on the economy of each country that has embrace it. Emmett shirts to a really sensible extent can be termed as a globalised business, due to the following reasons and aspects that can be seen in it. First under globalization there are four drivers that drive globalization namely: cost driver, market driver, technology driver and competition driver. Emmett Shirts have greatly embraced technology and has plans to continue to do so. Already 15% of the organization total sales are from E-commerce and plans are underway to have a well established online shop which is the same as establishing six physical stores. Having embraced E-commerce the business can be able to sell its product to any person in any place in the world and also do its promotion, marketing and advertising online. This intense online presence will help create more awareness about the product, announce introduction of new products and outlets. It is also easier to solicit support from the existing loyal customer base and even benefit from customer referrals online. Technology level is the number one determinant of whether a business is a globalised business. In my opinion I would say that Emmett Shirts is a globalised business given that it has embraced technology in its operations and has embraced E-commerce and continues to do so. Market driver is another key driver of globalization under which companies take into consideration the various markets to invest that is giving attention to open market economics. Emmett Shirts considers as part of its long term ambition or goal to take advantage of the emerging markets in the east such as in China and others awakening giants. These markets have got high appetite and demand for British luxury products or brands. We also see the business benchmarking itself against a brand from Dunhill road which has more shops in China than in London. This action tells us more about what the business is likely to focus on in its long term plan that is establishing shops in the emerging markets in the Far East. This reason leads me to conclude that Emmett Shirts is a globalised business. In regard to whether Emmett Shirts is globalized we realize that the business outsource its production or manufacturing of shirts from other countries such as Poland, Morocco, Ital and Turkey depending on style and material. The reason doing for this is that in the country it is hard to produce cheap enough and good enough shirts. In summary this action shows us that the business has embraced cost driver as a key factor driving globalization and thus can be termed as a globalized business. There are four drivers of globalization which include: technology driver, competition driver, cost driver and market driver. Under market driver globalization is driven by a desire to expand the market base to the emerging markets which are growing in terms of population and increased consumer purchasing power in these markets. Companies consider investing or shifting their investment to open market economics. This also comes in handy with the aspect of competition amongst different countries and companies which are moving beyond their national or regional spheres to international spheres of the whole global market. Technology has been a driver of globalization in quite a number of aspects such as through E-commerce and Electronic transfer, telecommunication gadgets, platforms and software’s. Platforms such as the social media examples being face book, Twitter linked in and others, the media at large, emails, video links such as Skype have continued to accelerate communication and sharing of key information. In business spheres outsourcing some business tasks have been made possible. Government driver or change of policy framework in different countries and formation of trading blocks. Trade and non trade tariffs and shift in open market system. Formulation of G.A.T.T. (General Agreement of Tariff and Trade). Countries which are willing enter into agreements to carry free trade around the world. The tariffs were initially to protect the local infant industries I a country but the realization that countries have to work together for them to achieve economic development continues to propel countries to loosen their trade tariffs. According to my own analysis technology is the strongest driver of globalization of all the others. This is so because at a click of a button one can buy or sell any product or service while in any part of the world. Technology has turned the world into a global village and communication is made with ease amongst people who are very far from each other as if they were just next to each other. Telecommunication devices such as tablets, smart phones and computers at large have interlinked every corner of the world through the World Wide Web. Reference Hurley, J. (2011) ‘Emmett’s Luxury Shirts: Deciding whether to specialise or diversify a luxury brand’, The Daily Telegraph (London), 19 July. Source document

Parenting skills: Discussion Questions Essay

1. What role do you think discipline plays in developing a child’s self-esteem? What forms of discipline best serve the self-esteem of the child or adolescent? a. I think discipline plays a vast role in developing a child’s self-esteem, it determines the way the child will make their decision. Knowing the difference punishing and abusing a child plays a key role. Although both can be considered a form of discipline, punishing a child to harshly can affect them in the long run. They will develop a low self-esteem and become scarred for life. The child can grow up themselves to give unreasonable punishment to children they may have. The forms of discipline that best serves the self-esteem of a child might include boundary-based discipline, and emotion coaching. 2. List and discuss how activities, clubs, or sports, impact the self-esteem of children and parents. Provide at least two activities, clubs, or sports in your answer a. Children that participate in spots, clubs, etc. are more likely to have a high self-esteem. While a child participates in these groups they can achieve and accomplish goals that can higher their self-esteem. When a child is devoted to a sport, striving for a goal, and working hard they become satisfied with themselves as well. Such as volleyball, players working hard on different techniques on how to win a game, that takes time, effort, and determination. After winning, the trophies are handed out, the crowd goes crazy over the win, it puts the child/athlete on top, making them thrilled over what they’ve just accomplished leading to high self-esteem . Being involved in a debate club can provide you a boost of excitement knowing that whatever your thinking is heard and knowledge is being shared with those who are present, after winning against someone else gives you that high self-esteem, knowing you’ve just accomplished a great self-achievement.

ABDOMINOPLASTY - TUMMY TUCK SURGERY

ABDOMINOPLASTY - TUMMY TUCK SURGERY ABDOMINOPLASTY TUMMY TUCK SURGERY Abdominoplasty or dermolipectomy (â€Å"tummy tuck†) is a procedure by which excess skin and subdermal tissue from the abdomen (so called hanging belly) are removed. Complete musculature of the abdominal wall is tightened. â€Å"Hanging belly† happens mostly to individuals who have lost a significant amount of weight or women who gave several births. Of course, hereditary elements play an important part. TUMMY TUCK CANDIDATES If you want to know if you are a candidate for dermolipectomy, you need to follow these indications: limp and loose belly, excess skin and fatty tissue on the belly, striae on the lower part of the belly and loose and separated muscles of the abdominal wall. PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT Patient preparation for the tummy tuck surgery usually starts during the first examination. The first step in preparation for the surgery is the patient’s consent. Very important part is to create that feeling of trust in the doctor-patient relationship. The patient will be informed of surgery process and what surgery includes. During the initial examination you’ll be asked to look in the mirror and show precisely what kind of change you would like to be done to your belly. During the examination you will give data of your medical history of illnesses or surgical treatments you had previously, medicine allergies, chronic infections, hypertension, diabetes, anemia. It is important to provide your doctor with complete information i.e. are you using some medication such as aspirin, estrogen, vitamin C, etc. Examination is performed in standing and lying position. During the examination, level of excess skin and subdermal fatty tissue has to be determined as well as degree of looseness of abdomen wall musculature and possible existence of ventral hernia. TUMMY TUCK PROCEDURE Tummy tuck incision is horizontally-oriented and is made in lower zone of the belly above pubic hairline and spreads lateral in the direction of pelvic bones. Length of the incision is determined by the level of looseness and skin excess. In general, incision is in line with the bathing suit, it is hidden so it can’t be seen on the beach. The complete complex of skin and subdermal tissue are prepared all the way to muscular fascia and up to ribs. Abdominal muscles are tightened and they are connected (plicated) shaping and forming new beautiful body contours. After that excess skin and subdermal tissue are tightened all the way up to navel which is removed. Then a new navel is created and has to look like the real one. Sometimes liposuction needs to be combined with this procedure. Drains are placed that are left for a few days. POSTOPERATIVE TREATMENT Drains will be removed after few days. Until then patient has to be in the position with bent legs. Sutures stay in place about 14 days. After tummy tuck surgery patient need to wear special corsets for a month after the surgery and to avoid physical strains for a month. One day after the surgery short walk is recommended. Patient has to get out of bed and go for a walk in bent position in order to increase blood circulation. Patient must avoid straining, sudden straightening and physical activities. Recommended time for having intercourse is at least after two weeks after the surgery. COMPLICATIONS Complications rarely occur. They are classified as early and late. Early complications include infection, hematoma, necrosis around the incision and usually occur with diabetics and smokers. Seroma can be developed after the surgery. It can accumulate under the skin and in lower parts of abdomen and can be there for a few months after the procedure. Later complications include appearance of hypertrophic scar. TUMMY TUCK COST Tummy tuck with muscle repair (dermolipectomia) 3000â‚ ¬

Research #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research #2 - Essay Example This trend is relatively new and not all operating systems have completely embraced it totally, however this is slowly creeping into the field of medical science enabling more benefits for patient care. With introduction of the concept of online applications that are patented by the given operating systems, large number of Health care associated applications are available in the online market which entail the different domains of health care, such as diagnosis of numerous diseases, serving as a guide and manual, remedial actions suggestion, medical dictionaries, medicine names, nearby pharmacies and numerous other sources that facilitate the health care sector in a positive way. Certain pre requisites apply to the usage of health care applications on the medium of mobile phone. These entail the regulatory body instructions, the clients awareness level, establishing of policies for its promotion, the market promotion policies, their availability factor, language use factor and various other factors that must be taken into account while handling health care applications and promoting them. 6. Overview of the F.D.A role in terms of the present day rules in place and the future considerations, with mobile phones becoming part of nearly every individual’s life, regulations are needed to be brought into action. Numerous operating systems have launched applications for use in the health care. Apple Inc. is one of the leaders in this field. It launched this service couple of years ago. IMedicalApps is one sush endeavor undertaken by Apple Inc. and it has a number of applications under its belt that facilitate better health care knowledge and awareness. The Android Operating system is not far behind and it has introduced numerous applications for the same purpose. Apart from the mobile application provides, other PSTN enabled networks are also aiming to catch up fast on the applications. Verizon is one of them that has joined the bandwagon in recent times

Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod Essay

Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod - Essay Example Numerous famous artists performed at Llangollen which included Red Army Ensemble, Luciano Pavarotti, Ladysmith Black Mambazo and Julian Lloyd Webber. The Sunday Evening Gala concert, which is the final event, features performers like Bryn Terfel, Katherine Jenkins, Kiri Te Kanawa, Montserrat Caballe and James Galway. In the year 2009, performances by Sir Willard White, Barbara Dickson, Natasha Marsh and Blake were given. In addition to this, Orchestra of Welsh National Opera performed the spectacular James Bond 007.Public relation is very important for any business or event. Without spreading the word and creating goodwill, the business or event would be lost in this globally competitive world. It is a process through which maximum communication can be managed and maintained by the public and the organization. Public relations are required to build the rapport with customers, employees, the general public, voters, and investors. Public relation includes corporate communication, media relations, analyst relations, internal communication, investor relations and labor relations. A balance and agreement in all these dimensions will make the business and event a success (Gregory, 2004).Earlier, due to the absence of internet, the PR campaign used to be limited and a hard thing to do. The word of mouth and few posters were used to spread the word. In the modern technological revolution with the Internet, PR building has become easier, fast and very lucrative.... The Sunday Evening Gala concert, which is the final event, features performers like Bryn Terfel, Katherine Jenkins, Kiri Te Kanawa, Montserrat Caballe and James Galway. In year 2009, performances by Sir Willard White, Barbara Dickson, Natasha Marsh and Blake were given. In addition to this, Orchestra of Welsh National Opera performed the spectacular James Bond 007 (Pruett and McGuirk, 2004). PR Campaign and Llangollen International Musical Festival Eisteddfod Public relation is very important for any business or event. Without spreading the word and creating goodwill, the business or event would be lost in this globally competitive world. It is a process through which maximum communication can be managed and maintained with the public and the organization. Public relations are required to build the rapport with customers, employees, general public, voters and investors. Public relation includes corporate communication, media relations, analyst relations, internal communication, inves tor relations and labor relations. A balance and agreement in all these dimensions will make the business and event a success (Gregory, 2004). Earlier, due to absence of internet, the PR campaign used to be limited and a hard thing to do. The word of mouth and few posters were used to spread the word. In the modern technological revolution with the Internet, PR building has become easier, fast and very lucrative. Llangollen Eisteddfod is an international platform that welcomes performers from all around the world. It would not only require the local public relations campaign but global representation and connection to increase the number of participants and audiences. Eisteddfod music and dance festivals has

Final examination assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Final examination - Assignment Example During his time, there was the introduction of tea for drinking, invention of gunpowder and the introduction of money as means of exchange. All these innovations took place during the reign of the Song dynasty (Asia for Educators 1). Additionally, the Song dynasty was characterized by an enormous commercial growth, and most of the historians referred to this era as an era of pre-modern character. Because of industrialization, there was the production of non-agricultural good. Production of nonagricultural was of dominance. China has been distinguished as the only nation that had early developments. Furthermore, urbanization became abundant in the Chinese cities. Writers like Marco polo came from one of the most sophisticated cities in Europe during his time, but he was amazed on the organization of the Chinese cities, which he visited in the year 1200. There was also an enormous population growth that shifted its locus towards Southern China due to the rapid civilization of the Chinese in Song Dynasty. Moreover, during the Song dynasty Chinas population became more concentrated to the North of China where wheat was grown. After 1127, Song made Hangzhou the Capital in Southern China (Asia for Educators 1). This coincided with the concentration of population on the southern parts of China along River Yangtze. During Songs reign, Rice was the stable crop in Southern China and produced higher yields per acre (Asia for Educators 1). Additionally, the civilization of the Tang Dynasty became evident when Tang reestablished a unified government after the civil war of China. The influence of the Tang emperors then was extended to Vietnam, Korea, Southeast and Central Asia. There was the introduction of confusion scholars to run the government and Tang redistributed land peasants (Regents Prep 1). Additionally, the emperors established a law code that was used to govern the country. Tang also refurbished the channel system and

The Reluctant Workers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Reluctant Workers - Essay Example Aston is then forced to schedule morning meetings. Secondly, Aston seems not to come up with a method to make sure his employees to communicate with him (Morris, 2012). At most times, the employees presume that they are conversant with everything and are not interested in the job at all. This may also recount to the fact that a great proportion of them are aged, and are not weary of the fact that Aston will be their boss for the longest time ever (Morris, 2012). Thirdly, the employees have no interest in their job. Morris (2012) give an example of when Aston had scheduled a test, and the customer’s top management had planned flying out for 1st hand observations, but two people had already made arrangements for their vacation, another had planned to go out fishing, and another had planned to spend time with the orphans (Morris, 2012). This is to mean that the employees were more interested with what ensued outside the office premises as contrasted to their work. Aston complains that none of the employees planned for the test, all because of social responsibilities and other interests (Morris, 2012). As the project manager, Aston has shown tremendous interest and passion to his job. Were it not the uncooperative team members, Aston would by now be the best driver for his project. In relation to the core skills mentioned above, Aston is clearly motivated in his job, and is willing to do anything to see to it that the employees work closely with him son as attain the goals of the project. He complains that he has never seen such non-commitment by employees like he does, explaining why he consults Phil Davies, the project director (Morris, 2012). In terms of communication, Aston is fast to communicate with his senior in relation to the project issues. As drawn by Morris (2012), the entire project entails a detailed discussion between Aston and

Constructivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Constructivism - Essay Example They all talk of identities and interests in world politics. They believe that for some levels of predictability and orders to be in place in the international politics and domestic society, and then identities must be present. The state must have some intersubjective identities that are sufficiently stable so as to bring some patterns of behavior that are more predictable. They believe that the absence of identity in the world can trigger chaos, pervasive and irremediable uncertainty and the world can be more dangerous compared to anarchy. The importance of the identity is that it implies the state’s preference and consequent actions. They believe that the state’s understanding of others can improve according to the identities it attributes to them. Also when the state produces its own identity through the daily social practice. Ted Hopf contrary to the other authors who believe that the change in the world politics is so easy. He appreciates the power of structures an d believes that actors through ordinary practice are able to produce their own constraints. This in turn strengthens the world politics. He also admit that there can be some rooms for dynamism, though minimal. Therefore by viewing the relationship between the social grounds and agency, he admits that social change is both possible and difficult. These differences are existing due to the differences in their view of the social relationship between the agency and social change. The two factors play a major fundamental role.

Tesco Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Tesco Plc - Essay Example . Tesco plc is largest retailer in the UK and one of the largest retail firms in the world. The company operates four store formats :Tesco Express, Tesco Metro, Tesco Extra and Tesco Superstores.Tesco Express store are combinations of convenience and gasoline retailers. Tesco Metro locations are small urban stores designed to meet the needs of the local community. Tesco Extra stores are hypermarkets located in Asia. Tesco Superstores provide traditional grocery items as well as insurance, banking, telecommunications products, books, flowers, movie rentals and school uniforms. The firm has expanded all of its grocery stores to include non-food items, such as book, software, electronics and music. Tesco also operates on e-commerce site with over 500,000 registered users in the UK. This division makes nearly 300,000 CD, video and DVD titles. The firm also operates the Tesco Direct catalog and the Tesco Baby club. Tesco is involved in the financial services business, serving nearly 1.5 m illion customers. Services offered by the company include saving accounts, online banking, and travel, house and pet insurance policies. In early 2006, Tesco telecom began offering a cost effective, easy to use Internet phone. Also in 2006, Tesco introduced self-branded software. Its office suit retails for roughly $35, well below Microsoft’s. The firm owns a 35% stake in Safeway Grocery works, a grocery store chain in the U.S.Tesco plans to open convenience stores on the West Coast of the U.S. in early 2007.... in early 2007. Also in 2007, the company will begin running a dedicated green rail line between Scotland and the Midlands to improve its suppy chain Strategic review of Tesco Plc Environmental Analysis Organizations need to be in tune with their environment. In particular, they need to anticipate the sort of changes that will take place in their environment and make appropriate plans for these. Environmental auditing enables the organization to be proactive rather than reactive. The effective organization will put a lot of effort into the process of environmental auditing and scanning. The principal tools used to carry out the environmental analysis of Tesco Plc is: PEST Analysis Competitor Analysis/Audit (Porter's 5-force analysis) SWOT Analysis PEST Analysis PEST stands for political, economic, social and technological features of the business environment which might influence or even threaten the company. The acronym PEST suggests that these are all nuisance or hindrance factors to business development. New regulations to be compiled with, increased taxes or import tariffs, reductions in market size due to demographic changes or the threats of new technology rendering products obsolete - these are all stuff of the executive nightmares. Often, however, PEST factors can often be of considerable business value. This technique is, in truth, little more than four headings to stimulate thinking about broad aspects of the business environment that might otherwise go unnoticed. Political: Changes in law or regulations introduced by Governments or government agencies. Can also include political changes which may stabilize or

Consumer Sciences Education Essay Example for Free

Consumer Sciences Education Essay Puberty is the period when children experience various physical and emotional changes in their bodies. Puberty comes with psychological effects that affect the teen’s interaction at school, with their peers and parents. Puberty Puberty is the stage in childrens lives when they experience physical changes through which their bodies eventually develop into adult bodies that are capable of reproducing. It is triggered by hormonal signals that stimulate the growth, function and change in different parts of the body, including the reproductive organs, breasts, skin, muscles, bones, hair and the brain depending on the sex (Allison, 2000). Puberty has various psychological effects within the school context, peers and parents. Within the school context puberty has wide psychological effects like searching identity and role confusion. It impacts their choice of career, sports activities, work schedule and tend to rebellious to the administration. It has been noted that adolescents prefer more liberal schools. At the same time the transition for example to high school has various effects on their academic achievement (Steinberg, 2001). During puberty, adolescents have very high regard for their peers. They measure who they are, their morals and lifestyles against them. Young people struggle to belong and to be accepted and affirmed by their peers, and yet also to become individuals. This desperate need for acceptance may explain why many teens engage in substance abuse and sexual activities. According to Allison, (2000, 54), adolescents tend to heed to advice from peers than from teachers and parents. It is notably however, the relationship between a teen and his or her peers has great impact on their self esteem. According to Steinberg, (2001, 67), parent-adolescent conflict increases during puberty. Conflict has been found to be most evident in interactions between adolescent girls and their mothers and relatively between boys and fathers. Many adolescents feel that the parents do not understand them and that they have different lives and interests. They also feel that the parents cannot guide them properly through this â€Å"stormy† period because they do not face the same challenges (Allison, 2000). In conclusion, there need to be a mutual understanding between parents and adolescents as puberty is a sensitive stage and needs to be handled with care by both parties. Only this way that both will minimize the unnecessary conflicts and promote understanding. Reference Allison, Barbara. (2000). Parent-adolescent conflict in early adolescence. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education: Vol 18, No. 2 Steinberg, Laurence. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology: Vol 52: 83-110.

Impact of the Digital Environment on Copyright

Impact of the Digital Environment on Copyright Critically assess the blurring of the boundaries between the expression of an idea in a material form (which is protected by copyright) and an idea itself (which is not). In your response, you will need to examine the impact of the digital environment on copyright and initiatives like open access and Creative Commons. Discuss whether protecting original works is becoming obsolete, considering the effect of a copyright-free world on individual creators, producers and distributors. Be explicit about how you respond to and extend the examples presented in the topics podcast and town meeting. Copyright can be defined as the ownership of the expression of ideas, not the ideas themselves (Bourne 2008). The issue of copyright is perhaps facing its greatest challenge. The line between the expression of ideas in a material form (which is protected by copyright) and an idea itself (which is not) is being increasingly blurred due to the increasing prevalence and penetration of digital technologies in the national (Australian) and international (global) communication environment. With the proliferation of copyright violations as digital technologies offer file sharing capacities, the development of author favouring initiatives approximating to Open Access and Creative Commons eroding the corporate power of copyright corporations, the existence of legally protected copyright protections a creator craves, corporations pursue and governments protect, is under serious threat. Traditionally the free market economy has envisioned a hierarchy from producer to consumer in the development and dissemination of cultural information. Conventionally, the mode of production had envisioned a role for creator, manufacturer, distributor and consumer. This was a centralised system. Copyright pervaded and that which was protected by copyright was difficult if not impossible to illegally obtain without paying the royalties to the creator or copyright holder. Yochai Benkler believes there has been a decentralisation of the process due to the onset of the digital revolution, particularly with Internet technologies, while technology simultaneously sustains the centralisation of cultural information. I will suggest that we call the combination of these two trends the radical decentralization of intelligence in our communications network and the centrality of information, knowledge, culture, and ideas to advanced economic activity the networked information economy (Benkler 2003, p.1252). The strength of Benklers argument is that its a fresh idea that argues somewhat from a political economy perspective, the production process. The production process has been decentralised due to digital technologies and therefore individuals who previously held no part can create their own ideas by either mimicking, disseminating, copying, plagiarising without consequence. This networked information economy (or decentralisation of production) has led to a blurring of the lines between the expression of ideas in a material form (which is protected by copyright) and an idea itself (which is not) due to the increasing mobility and creativity individuals can utilise as a result of the onset of digital technologies. Benkler believes ubiquitously available cheap processors have radically reduced the necessary capital input costs. What can be done now with a desktop computer would once have required a professional studio (Benkler 2003, p.1254). According to Benkler, a primary contributor to cultural production is pre-existing information, a publicly accessible good while others include human creativity and the physical capital necessary to generate, fix, and communicate transmissible units of information and culture like a recording studio or a television network (Benkler 2003, p.1254). The Internet and digital technologies have to an extent decimated the dominance of the capital generators, those owners and proprietors of copyright such as the television networks and publishers, and allowed consumers to edit pre-existing copyrighted material, or create their own, to the detriment of copyright holders. This leaves individual human beings closer to the economic centre of our information production system than they have been for over a century and a half (Benkler 2003, p.1254). The failing of Benklers argument is that it views digital technologies as offering endless opportunities for individual production. While this may be true, usually the product produced is usually distributed for free and those who attempt to make economic gain are wiped out by the competition that produce free and higher quality software and programs. The impact of the digital environment has led to the proliferation of copyright violations and use of materials by consumers in their own productions and ideas without regard for the intended royalties. This has been seen no better than in the rising prevalence of file sharing software on the Internet, its popularity, dominance, and targeting by corporations for law suits. The most radically new and unfamiliar element in this category is commons-based peer production of information, knowledge, and culture, whose most visible instance has been free software (Benkler 2003, p.1254). An example of these peer network systems Benkler speaks of includes file sharing systems such as Limewire, BitTorent, eMule and Gnutella. Based on peer-to-peer technology (Fattah 2002; Oram 2001), so-called filesharing systems offer the possibility to exchange any sort of digital data for free and without restriction (Quiring 2008, p.435). Considerable losses in revenues have resulted in the film, gaming and particularly communications industries due to the illegal copying and sharing of their products. According to the communications industry, it misses out on considerable revenues each year due to the illegal exchange of communications data (Quiring, von Walter Atterer 2008, p.435). Similarly there has been propagation in the amount of quality free programmes on the Internet that supplant those supplied by corporations and have no copyright protections of their own. The networked information economy opens for radically decentralized collaborative production peer production† a process by which many individuals, whose actions are coordinated neither by managers nor by price signals, contribute to a joint effort that effectively produces a unit of information or culture (Benkler 2003, p.1254). Free software has become the quintessential instance of peer production in the past few years. Over 85 percent of emails are routed using the sendmail software that was produced and updated in this way (Benkler 2003, p.1254). Over 60% of Australians use msn, yahoo, Google or other free E-mail providers as their primary E-Mail account and the development of free virus scanning software such as AVG, free communications composing and artistic programs have gradually eroded communications corporations copyright power and grip on the consumer market. However here, within these filesharing and producing communities the lines between the expression of ideas in a material form and an idea itself are more deeply blurred as the providers of free programmes and those who illegally copy and distribute software, programmes and cultural files (such as communications), known as warez have developed their own codes of production and consumption. An academic of Southern California University, D. Thomas alludes to this in his article Innovation, Piracy and the Ethos of New Media identifies three key fundamentals in the warez ethos (Thomas 2002, p.87). Firstly, keeping information free and open in the face of corporate control, an act which they see as embodying the spirit of the Internet; communications or game lovers right to redistribute goods they have purchased providing they do not profit financially. Secondly the sense of an entitlement to digital content, as after buying a computer and internet access they see the content as already paid for (Thomas 2002, p.87). It can therefore be seen that the digital environment erodes copyright protection and the benefits copyright brings to its owners and distributors. Due to the erosion of copyright protections, debate has arisen as to whether the erosion of copyright is desirable. According to Spinello, while they are evermore protected by government legislation, property rights are often dismissed or disparaged in academic circles. Post-modern critics, for example, find it hard, to accept that creative works have a single author, so the assignment of a property right loses intelligibility (Spinello 2003, p.2). It has therefore been argued by many academics, including Lessig that innovation and creativity depend upon free, uncontrolled resources and more precisely, according to Lessig the Internet forms an innovation commons,† that is, a space where innovation and creative expression can flourish (Spinello 2003, p.3). In an effort to protect themselves from the increasing breaches of copyright brought about by these kind of principles and digital technologies that facilitate these breaches of copyright, copyright owners have lobbied governments to extend copyright protection to lifetime plus seventy years and are attempting to override exceptions granted to institutions such as universities and parliaments along with removing the copyright ownership from creators to themselves. This has facilitated the rise of movements against this trend known as Open Access and Creative Commons in order to protect creators and consumers. Open Access and Creative Commons are two organisations that espouse opposing, yet fundamentally similar goals to deal with the blurring of the boundaries between the expression of ideas in a material form and ideas themselves. On the one hand Creative Commons argues for the protection of creators through the benefits of minimal copyright protections known as moral rights by issuing their own legally recognised copyright licenses. The moral rights extend the rights of creators to the basic entitlements of attribution and integrity that have adopted in the developed world, including Europe and Australia (excluding USA). While attribution is the right of the creator to have his work recognised by attribution, integrity is the right of the creator not to have his work falsely portrayed or misused. Creative Commons aims to promote better identification, negotiation and reutilization of content for the purposes of creativity and innovation. It aims to make copyright content more active† by ensuring that content can be reutilized with a minimum of transactional effort (Fitzgerald Oi 2004, p.1). Alternately, Open Access seeks to minimize copyright in its entirety. Open Access† means access to the full text of a scientific publication on the internet, with no other limitations than possibly a requirement to register, for statistical or other purposes (Bjà ¶rk, Roos, Lauri 2008, p.1). The purpose of this initiative is to accredit creators with their copyright and offer access to materials at minimum or no cost so as not to stifle creativity due to excessive copyright protections under the law. However one must consider the implications of the erosion of copyright as discussed above and whether protecting old works is becoming obsolete. Some scholars and economists believe that copyright is crucial to the development of society and its advancement due to the protections of copyright and their benefits owners of copyright aspire to. A particular point raised in the town meeting was the relevance of copyright if individuals can merely download audio, visual and software files from file sharing programs on the Internet for no-charge. However a report commissioned by the Australian government in 1998 raised the interesting point that copyright is crucial to the capitalist system of innovation and development. These industries form a significant and, to date, growing part of the Australian economy in 1992-93, the net contribution of copyright based industries to the total economy was an estimated $11 billion in constant prices, or 2.9% of the total GDP and the report concluded Copyright is the glue in the various transactions between creators and investors the legal mechanism which ensures that the value of creative effort or investment is not undermined and devalued by others taking a free ride on that effort or investment (McDonald 1999, p.2). It can be affirmed then, that a system of copyright, limited even, is desirable, if not to protect creators, then to at least achieve a balance between the rights of creators and copyright producers and distributors for revenue and moral accreditation, while allowing access to the public for consumption. A system of limited intellectual property protection is justified both as an inducement for future creative activity and as a reward for the intellectual labor associated with that socially valuable activity (Spinello 2003, p.2). It has been argued by many academics that the complete erosion of copyright protections may dislodge the profitability of many industries such as the gaming, communications and film, to the detriment of future production as creators see no purpose in creation without economic gain (McDonald 1999; Lee 2005). For example Illegal file sharing on the internet leads to considerable financial losses for artists and copyright owners as well as producers and sellers of communications (Quiring, von Walter Atterer 2008, p.434). It can therefore be strongly stated that while at times, when applied without distinction, copyright can be an encumbrance if argued from n Open Access perspective. However one must consider copyright as the glue that McDonald describes it as when considering the incentive effect copyright has in relation to the development and dissemination of cultural information (McDonald 1999, p.2). In conclusion it can be seen that the blurring of the boundaries between the expression of ideas in a material form (which is protected by copyright) and an idea itself (which is not) has led to the development of what Benkler has named the networked information economy (Benkler 2003, p.1245). The networked information economy makes it possible for nonmarket and decentralized models of production to increase their presence alongside the more traditional models, causing some displacement, but increasing the diversity of ways of organizing production rather than replacing one with the other (Benkler 2003, p.1247). This has led to the decentralisation of the process of cultural production files (mp3s, film, communications, etc) and is what has ultimately led to the blurring between ideas in material form and ideas themselves as seen with the development of filesharing and peer-to-peer production networks against the backdrop of the digital environment. This has gradually led to the erosion of copyright and the strengthening of legislation in reponse, in turn leading to the development of movements such as Creative Commons and Open Access. The ensuing debate over whether copyright is desirable to retain in the digital environment has led me to conclude that while copyright can act as encumbrance to creativity and learning, by removing its protection the incentive it generates for innovation and cultural production, have necessitated the need for a balance of the two. References: Thomas, D. (2002) Innovation, Piracy and the Ethos of New Media, pp. 82-91 in D. Harries (ed.) The New Media Book. London: British Film Institute.

Comparing the Journey in Little Prince, Siddhartha, and the Monkey God :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Journey in Little Prince, Siddhartha, and the Monkey God      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have you ever realize that there is something incomplete in your life, both on the outside and from within?   Whatever that may be, you have something in common with the main character from each of these works: The Little Prince, Siddhartha, and The Monkey God.  Ã‚   All three works are about someone sensing something is missing and thus sets forth on a "journey" to fill in that hole.   The Little Prince, from The Little Prince, sets on a journey to find out how to love and what he learned was more than love, it was the aspect behind taming.   Siddhartha, from Siddhartha, left his life filled with riches and pleasure to seek nirvana and riddance of the "Self." And finally the half human, half monkey, from The Monkey God, sets on a search to learn how to respect and maturity to fully utilize the powers he held as a god.   All three works are totally different in environment, characters, and time setting, but they all have one similar goal; to find and complete their quest.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Little Prince's journey to find out how to love grows from the missing link between his flower and him.   But he learns that love comes from taming which he has never heard of.   Starting from the comfort of his home on Asteriod-612, he left to travel far and wide to seek the meaning of love.   Having the opportunity to meet many people, he learns something from each and one of them.   The king represented the evil of totalitarianism, the conceited man represents one of the evil aspects of human, the tippler showed the sorrow and pain a person can hold, the businessman showed how a person can possess greed, the lamplighter represents loyalty, one of the good sides of human being, finally meeting the geographer, the Little Prince learns curiosity and hard work.   But meeting all these people still haven't gave the Little Prince what he wanted yet.   He finally trampled upon Earth, where he will soon find what he is looking for.   The first person he met on Earth was the snake, a symbol of evil and deceit.   But the Little Prince was not alone as he also finds the narrator who will be his

Mob Protesters Right or Wrong :: miscellaneous

Mob Protesters Right or Wrong Essay Outline: My essay is only around one thousand five hundred words long and in that one and a half thousand words I must give points of views from both sides as well as a introduction and this Essay Outline. The first opinion I will write about is the opinions of the labour supporters, saying how They suffered because of the petrol protests, the rights wrongs and how the wrongs were or tried to be sorted out and how long it took. Also in labours defence I shall write about how Tony Blair thinks that a cut in fuel tax will cause more problems in the future. Also I will right about the opinions of the petrol protesters, how they are helping the nation on the over taxed fuel, because they are not doing the protests for fun (although they might look fun). The newspapers I read showed what Tony Blair said about his taxing but where most of it was lies or misleading. Also what he actually did with our taxes and how some of it just went to waste like how he cut 140 road improvements programs to only 3 7 or how his ten-year  £180billion partnership with John Prescott took tree years to sort out. Is this because of his poor money management or is he getting an extra million or two in his pocket each year? These important points might creep up with some more in my essay. But to end my essay I shall Finnish with a conclusion that contains an overall view of the essay. A thanks to where I got all my information for the essay, how the essay developed and how my point of view developed as I learnt more on what happens to our taxes while labour is ruling parliament. But most importantly asking the reader the question I was given, but a little briefer, ‘ should we wait for an election to sort out the taxation problems or should we stand up and demand lower taxes to solve the taxation problem’. Introduction: Should the government have total control over our taxes and we can not do anything about it. Should we be able to stand up for the taxes we pay or should we wait weeks, months or years for another election. Or should we be happy for taxes knowing that it’s going towards our health, safety and education.

The New Age Movement Essay -- essays research papers

The New Age Movement Although the New Age movement is not technically a religion , eight to nine percent of people that do not believe in organized religion find the New Age as their replacement. The New Age movement is very difficult to describe although not impossible. It is a complex sociological phenomenon that can be perceived in many ways. Basically, what another person sees, the other may not. The New Age movement is best understood as a network of networks. A network is an informal, loosely knit organization which is very different in both structure and operation than other types of organizations. Networks are spontaneously created by people to address problems and offer possibilities primarily outside of established institutions. Networks tend to be decentralized, often having no single leader of headquarters and with power and responsibility widely distributed. Networks also see through many perspectives. The New Age movement is an extremely large and structured network of organization and individuals that are bound together by common values. These values are based on mysticism and monism which is the world view that "all is one". The New Age movement is not a cult by any accepted sociological definition. Although there are several cults which could be classified within, such as the Transcendental Meditation and the followers of deported Indian guru Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. Cult membership is by far the exception and not the rule for New Agers. New Agers tend to be eclectic which means that they draw what they think is the best from various sources. Exclusive devotion to a single teacher, teaching or techniques is not long term. They move from one approach to "wholeness" to another in their spiritual quest.(Miller. 1989. P.18) New Agers consider spirituality much more a matter of experience than belief. Some New Agers do not believe that their beliefs are universal. Beliefs are often portrayed as direct impediments to enlightenment. As I stated before, all New Agers believe that "all is one". A second assumption is that this Ultimate reality is neither dead matter nor unconscious energy. In other words, it is Being and Awareness. New Agers believe that man is separated by God only in his own conscious and awareness. Therefore he is the victim of a false sens... ... In comparison to the Christian religion their difference lies in the belief that all is one (god), therefore there could be no sin and no death. The death of Christ for our sins becomes meaningless. Although the New Agers will agree that Jesus Christ is God, his world view will always compel him to say that Jesus is no more God than anyone else. In the Christian religion, Jesus is separated from the rest of humanity in fact that he is demonstrated as divine. In my opinion, I do not think that I could consider myself as equal with God or Jesus, therefore I personally did not believe in some aspects of this religion. (Lewis. 1992, p.48) In choosing this religion as my area of research, I never realized the complexity of the topic. Through extensive research I have developed a keen understanding of this topic. There are some things that I strongly agree with while others need to be put to the test. WORK CITED Chandler, R. 1988. Understanding The New Age. Word Publishing. Dallas Miller, E. 1989. A Crash Course On The New Age Movement. Baker Book House. Michigan. Lewis, J. 1992. Perspectives On The New Age. State University of New York Press. Albany.

Why do Significant Numbers of American fail to vote?

Between 1960 and 1996, the turnout of American's voting in a presidential election had fallen by 14%. This brought the percentage to 51% of Americans turning up to vote. This decline in turnout is due to a number of reasons; > The Decline in numbers of party Activists > Loss of Political Efficacy > Many elections have low-stimulus characters > Most elections are uncompetitive > Poor Turnout among young people > People are happy with what they have > It is difficult to understand the voting system Out of these reasons, I feel some stand out the strongest. These include; the understanding of the voting system, poor turnout among young people and that people are happy with what they have. Understanding of the Voting System All Voting systems can be fairly difficult to understand and this includes the very democratic American System. It is no longer just the people with learning difficulties that find the system hard to understand, as it is no longer the person with the majority vote wins, therefore because people don't understand it, they tend to stay away rather then get confused and embarrass themselves. This also links with the ability of people having to register to vote. To register they have to attend a government building, and some people do not have the time, or means of transport too do this, therefore they decide as it's not a law too vote, they don't bother. Also, even if people do register the ability to get too a polling station is a problem. As everything is very spaced out in America, and generally a car is needed to travel between places, if a potential voter does not have a car, they will not bother too vote. This can also be linked with the 2000 Presidential Election, when roadblocks were put in plce in parts of Florida, stopping people from reaching the polling stations, this not only ensured a particular candidate won the vote of Florida, it also stopped a significant number of voters voting. Poor Turnout among Young People In 2004, the turnout of young people aged 18 – 24 was at a low of 47%. The possible reasons for this could be that as politics is not considered an essential subject at school, many youths do not understand or care about it. This then creates a generation of people who do not care about politics and do not want too vote, which then means that when that generation stops being considered youths, they still aren't voting, and neither are the new generation of youths. The reason for low turnout could also be that Political campaigns are generally aimed at an older generation, meaning it becomes something that youths don't bother to focus on. Politicians know that the turnout among youths is low so do not bother wasting their money campaigning to them if they have a limited amount of money. This then causes the campaigns too become something that youths don't have to focus on and as it doesn't have much interest to them because they don't understand it, they tend not too waste their time getting involved in it. People are Happy with what they have ‘If it ain't broke, don't fix it', This is the way that many people feel about politics. For many potential voters, they feel they have everything they need and could ask for from the government and feel that voting to change that would take away some of the things they enjoy in life. As long as there are no wars on their own soil, their kids have a good education, they have good jobs and healthcare and reasonable taxes then they feel that the government is doing a good job and they don't want too risk that by potentially giving another party or candidate office. Solutions To these Problems These problems can be solved and would increase voter turnout by a considerable amount. By handing out and posting leaflets that explain the voting system and how each and every vote matters and counts, as well as having lectures in easy to reach places, would increase turnout because people would understand the system and the importance of voting. Also by creating postal ballots etc, it would be easier for people who would otherwise find it difficult to vote and also by making registering to vote easier. To tackle the youth problem, politics would need to be taught as part fo the curriculum in schools, this problem has already started too be solved, as was seen during the 2004 election when various celebrities had a campaign with MTV urging people to vote, if this continues on a wider scale, as well as making parts of party conferences for Youths only and aiming campaigns directly at them, this would increase turnout in forth coming elections but also elections in the distant future. Finally, by trying to show flaws in the system and how to make improvements (which is already done, but could be issued in a more one to one with the voter method) would show potential voters why they need to vote because of the changes they can make and the added benefits they could receive.

Alan Paton Style Analysis Essay

Authors often make an impact on the reader through imaginative story telling and bringing to life intriguing and compelling characters in their stories. Alan Paton not only succeeds in doing this, but further raises the bar by fully immersing his readers by making them not only learn about the characters, but actually instills a sense of caring about their well being. Throughout the novel Paton makes it clear just how much adversity and suffering his character, Stephen Kumalo, must have endured. He utilizes resounding words such as â€Å"doubt† and â€Å"suffering† in the passage chosen. The tone throughout the passage appears to have somber and melancholy quality to it. Kumalo is shown enduring constant tragedy all around him yet he continues to persevere. Paton’s unconventional techniques of dialogue is shown often in this passage. Paton’s dialogue never identifies who is speaking to encourage the reader to pay attention, also he does not use quotation marks like most authors and just bypasses it completely. Paton uses limited omniscient point of view to tell the story. It not only takes us into the stories but stirs emotion within the reader. He allows us to be put in Stephen’s shoes while still left wondering what is really going on. Character development is very apparent throughout the passage. Kumalo started out in the story as a pastor whose faith was strong in God, but at times had doubts, sometimes he would doubt his son for committing atrocities, yet in the end he found forgiveness for his family. Stephan is the epitome of overcoming adversity no matter what perils he came across.

Globalization Process

Globalization is the process which unites nations, societies and traditions through a worldwide system of communication, transportation and trade. Globalization is usually used as an easy way of spreading the technologies, production, and communication across the globe. It also involves the flow of thoughts and technologies. Due to globalization, regions are coming closer to each other. Globalization is not only modernization but it is the amplification of global social affairs which connect different locations in such a manner that local activities are bent by activities happening miles away (Steger, 2010).Thus, globalization has very strong economic, governmental, educational and social dimensions. According to ‘Malcolm Waters’ in his book ‘Globalization’, globalization is defined as, â€Å" the intensification of world- wide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away a nd vice versa. This is dialectical process because such local happenings may move in an obverse direction from the very distanciated relations that shape them.Local transformation is as much a part of globalization as the lateral extension of social connections across time and space† (Waters, 2001, pg. 5). Globalisation is the way by which people, companies and government of different nations integrate and interact with each other. The process of globalisation has effects on the cultures, atmosphere, governmental systems, economic developments, wealth and on individual’s physical comfort in nations all around the globe.Globalisation is the process by which normal life around the globe is noticeable by calibration of communication, transportation, financial activity, Ecological and social interdependence. Globalisation has many positive effects opening up gaps of opportunities and economic prosperity to the developing countries but globalisation also has a harmful side w ith negative effects. In this assignment, I will discuss few positive and negative effects of globalisation.According to researchers and intellectuals, modern age led to the foundation of globalisation but most scholars say that globalisation is not new and its origin can be traced back to the early civilization. For centuries, people have been trading to each other at great distances. Third millennium B. C. was the ancient form of globalisation. At that t time the trade link was among Sumerian civilization and Indus valley civilization. After that era, there were many events where trade connections were made connecting several countries like, Greece, Egypt, Roman Empire, India, etc.The attractiveness of the trade links led to the expansion of different trade routes. In 19th century, industrial revolution took place which was a significant time in the record of globalisation (Boudreaux, 2008). This was the period when Muslim dealers and Jewish started going to different locations al l around the globe to sell a variety of products which led to the combination of thoughts and customs. This revolution led to improved trade and business dealings. Due to enhanced goods and colonization, many nations all around the world became the customer of European market.However, the period of pre globalisation came to an end after World War 1. The effects of conflict were very adverse which led to the Great Depression. The time between 1850’s and 1940’s witnessed the acceleration of worldwide set of connections and cultural flows, dominated by European powers. By the mid of the nineteenth century quick developments in communication and transportation technologies like, radio, telephones, railways, shipping, telegraphy, etc took place. Globalisation has a comparatively new thought and idea that the world has been implementing.There are many positive effects of globalisation which are very advantageous for everybody in all countries. Globalisation has been the most successful affluence and anti-poverty movement in modern history. Following mentioned are some of the positive effects of globalisation on so various demographic segments of society. The most noticeable positive effect of globalisation is the improved and better quality of goods due to global competition. ‘Customer is the king’ approach to production has led to the improved quality of goods and services.Because Domestic companies have to struggle out foreign competition, they are bound to lift their standards and customer satisfaction levels to survive in the market (Stiglitz, 2007). When an international brand comes in a new country, it comes in travelling on some goodwill and concern which it has to survive up to. This establishes competition and ‘survival of the fittest’ situation in the market. Due to globalisation, various companies have entered into the developing countries and therefore generated employment for the citizens.This factor has given an opportunity to invest in the rising market and tap up the talent available there. Globalisation increases job opportunities as new firms start functioning in different countries; hence it increases living standards of people (Suarez & Qin, 2004). Usually there is a lack of capital in developing countries which obstructs the growth of domestic companies and so employment. In such cases globalisation plays an important role in obtaining profitable employment opportunities. Globalisation greatly affects the global economy and the impact of foreign trade on economy is very immense.Comparative benefit has always been a factor even in the history. Trade has been institutionalised due to globalisation (Bhagwati, 2007). Globalisation has improved free trade among nations and has improved liquidity of capital permitting investors in established countries to invest in undeveloped countries. It brings foreign exchange to the countries due to the increase in foreign trade. Globalisation is very favourable for the 3rd world countries as it results in economic development. It also improves the global economy by increasing GDP.Trade between nation’s increases as it provides freedom to the global marketing exchange of goods and capitals. Established countries can invest in developing countries and positive competition increases hence, improving businesses. It has been asserted that globalisation increases the productivity and living standard of people. With the manifold positive effects, globalisation also has its negative side. Few of its negative effects are listed below. The most significant negative effect of globalisation is the disappearance of several cultures.The cultures of the countries that are economically powerful are more dominant than others. There is a great risk of spoiling of the cultural values of developing countries due to overseas investments and foreign citizens working from developing countries, changing the attitude, lifestyle and mind-set of t he existing developing nations due to foreigners (Stilitz, 2003). Since international community is growing, more population have become unaware of social, moral and ethical values which are diverse in defining group. Hence, globalisation damages small cultures which are in danger of being destroyed.In order to save the cultures, small nations and developing countries should promote their cultural values and standards. Such nations should keep practicing their culture, so that young generation will be aware of all the customs and traditions. For instance, in developing country like ‘India’, many foreign companies and organizations operates and foreign trade is very immense, but the cultural values and tradition of people living there are still the same as Indians promote and practice their culture in every walk of life.Due to globalisation, more and more companies invest on developing nations, which economically is very beneficial for the countries but significantly affe cts environment by polluting it and escaping easily from weak developing countries regulatory rules and regulations. Many products and manufactured goods produced by various companies are not eco-friendly and thus, increase pollution. It also increase the risk of transporting diseases like Swine flu, Bird flu etc. unintentionally between countries as individuals from all around the world travel more often after globalisation.Many international powerful committees should be made in order to control and alert such companies and corporations who are responsible for polluting the environment and if they do not take action, then such corporations should be banned. This will help in decreasing the production of non eco-friendly products by creating awareness at the educational level and informing individuals with their negative effect. In today’s world, most of the corporations are aware of this negative effect and therefore, manufacture eco-friendly products which are healthy and recyclable.The last major negative effect of globalisation is the complexity of competition. Due to globalisation, international trade between the nations has started to remove limits. This condition of companies has resulted in steady competition with the national competitor, as well as the international competitors. Thus, businesses want more thorough and demanding competitive environment in order to continue stability and progress. Expansion of monopole corporations and channel between manufacture expenses are the chief effects of this tough competition in businesses (Eriksen, 2007).Developing and small nations choose to use overseas resources for their development, but instead, it disposes the equality and stability. Small corporations should focus on research and development. They should lower the manufacturing cost and should improve the quality of the manufacturing product, by using local goods hence, saving the cost of trade. Being a local company, they can understand the ma rket better than the foreign companies. By doing this local companies in developing countries will be able to gain most of the market share and will be able to compete with the foreign companies.In the conclusion, it can be said that globalisation develops better relations among nations and helps in eliminating negative perceptions for the people. Global problems and issues can be solved by discussions. Foreign trade and tourism leads to social benefits which increases migration between the countries and provide chances to live and earn abroad. This results in the decline of cultural barriers and helps in improving the relationships among nations. But with all the positive effects it also has its share of disadvantages and is sometimes unfavourable for the countries that are undeveloped and weak.

The Alchemist Mood

Besides language, techniques to convey purpose in the alchemis: Through concrete diction and imagery, Paulo Coelho exhibits his purpose in writing the Alchemist and supplies an ambience in which the readers are prompted to learn and evaluate their own relationships, dreams, feel hope and ambition. Since the novel has a very serene tone, Coelho uses dictation to add interest to the novel. When a reader can visualize a situation, they can more easily relate to it by connecting memories that they have to those Santiago is experiencing in the novel.Coelho uses concrete dictation by showing a situation instead of just telling it to the readers. In order to do this he has to use very descriptive language. Once the reader can picture Santiago’s emotions, they are free to interpret the lessons taught into their own circumstances. In Coelho’s novel, the setting has a lot to do with the emotions and lessons learned. Santiago achieves his personal legend of discovering who he is t hrough the desert and acceptance of his conditions.The way that Coelho teaches his lessons to Santiago and the readers is by connecting them to forces of nature. â€Å"Treasure is uncovered by the force of flowing water, and it is buried by the same currents. †(p. 24). The readers are comfortable with the thought of nature and can connect the lessons by picturing something that they are familiar with. Imagery and symbolism are highly connected in the Alchemist. Coelho uses a desert to represent the mind of Santiago.On his travels through the desert, he is given peace and quiet to think about his own life; to meditate. As the readers progress in his adventure with him, they learn things about Santiago as he learns them. This is because Coelho uses dictation and imagery to help the readers and Santiago visualize themselves in relatable situations and uses the techniques to create a tranquil mood in his book, The Alchemist.

Safe guarding vulnerable adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Safe guarding vulnerable adults - Essay Example However, such resources have complicated literature search, necessitating establishment of sophisticated search strategies. This essay focuses on the literature searching process undertaken to obtain literature for my presentation. The first search strategy applied in the study is the use of well-build clinical questions. In this context, well-built research questions are questions deduced from the research topic such that they respond to key issues that forms the topic (Affuso, Capello, & Fratesi, 2011). My presentation addressed safeguarding vulnerable adults. I used the topic to formulate research questions for the presentation. The main questions considered for the search included: What causes vulnerability among adults? What is the variation in terms of vulnerability across gender and social class? (Thacker, 2011). What is role of the federal government in caring for vulnerable adults? In addition, what are the impacts of pension among vulnerable adults? The four questions were used to locate relevant literature from clinical databases. In each case the journal article or literature, material was selected according to its response to a particular question. For example Antonio, Roberta & Ugo (2011), argues that globalization and liberal social systems contribute to neglect of old people. Thus, the article responds to the second question, which is concerned with vulnerability across different genders and social class. Cooke-Hubley & Maddalena (2011), advocates for counseling and medical support for the elderly and other vulnerable groups. The article provides a precise response to the question concerning the causes of vulnerability among the adult population. Lastly, Payne (2008) analyzes strategies that could be applied to safeguard adults at end life. The article provides a sufficient response to the questions related to the impacts of pension on the elderly population. The second literature search strategy utilizes Key Words. Key words are words and phras es that form the basis of a research question. The key word strategy is the most commonly used strategy particularly when using electronic databases such as BNI, Medline, CINAHL, and ASSIA. Key word defines the boundaries of a particular search and, hence simplifies the search (Harvard, 2007). While using this strategy I used the already constructed research questions (Davies, & Nolan, 2006). Each of the research question was broken down into key words and phrases for easy search. In a particular search operation, key words were combined using Boolean operators to yield required results. Synonyms for key words are also required to facilitate the search. The following key words were developed from the research topic Safeguarding, Conservation, Protection, Defense vulnerable, liable, disposed, prone, subjected, adults, aged, elderly, and weak (Work, 2009). A particular combination of the key words yielded the required resource. Moreover, truncation of words was carried out to facilita te the search. Word truncation involves finding the base of key words. The following words are the basis for key words used in the search safe, conserve, and vuln* The following table provides a sample chart used to explore â€Å"Safeguarding vulnerable adults† using key words. Safeguarding Conservation Protection Defense Vulnerable Liable Disposed Prone Subjected Adults Aged elderly The search can be

Research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Research proposal - Essay Example There are proven health benefits of a good mood according to the same source. Laughing, smiling and feeling good show various benefits to one’s health. Lee Berk, an associate professor of health promotion and education who studies laughter at Loma Linda University in California says: "Laughter is not dissimilar from exercise. It’s not going to cure someone from stage three cancer, but in terms of prevention it does make sense. In a sense, we have our own apothecary on our shoulders. Positive emotions such as laughter affect your biology† (Archives, 2004). Smiling and keeping an optimistic attitude can also have good effects. Studies reveal that it is possible to predict a womans future success by the intensity of her smile; and that optimistic people have stronger immune systems, meaning theyre better equipped to fight off disease. Christopher Peterson, Ph.D., a University of Michigan Professor studying optimisms link to health for over two decades says: "The research is very clear. This is not some social science generalization. There is a link between optimistic attitudes and good health. It has been measured in a variety of ways. Overall, we have found that optimistic people are healthier. Their biological makeup is different. They have a more robust immune system." Still another study found that â€Å"elderly optimistic people, those who expected good things to happen (rather than bad things), were less likely to die than pessimists -- by 55 percent! And, that number jumped to 71 percent after the researchers adjusted the results for other measures of health (smoking, age, exercise, etc.)† (Archives of General Psychiatry, November 2004). This study will focus on the way people choose to watch comedy films. Specifically, this will find out if people find comedy funnier when watching it alone or with others; and whether they enjoy

Foster Children That Received Improved Relationship From Foster Essay

Foster Children That Received Improved Relationship From Foster Parents Can Develop Secure Attachment - Essay Example This is due to the lack of time for working parents, specifically mothers, to nurse for their children. Likewise, growing costs of home care also allowed for professional foster caregivers a better option. It is therefore necessary to find out and seek best environments for children needing foster care but this cannot be established without extensive research and findings. Dozier et al (2001) suggested that babies in foster care "organize their attachment behavior around the availability of their new caregivers" although acknowledged that it is possible that previous experiences lessen the babies' chances of forming trusting relationships with new caregivers. This study will specifically find out if foster children that received improved or high quality relationship from the foster parents can develop secure attachment. It will answer the question will foster children that received high quality or improved relationship from the foster parents can develop secure attachment Since there are several acknowledged factors that suggest attachment behaviors are organized around the availability of caregivers (Dozier et al, 2001), this study proposes that foster children that received improved or high quality... It will try to establish definitive structure of a "quality relationship" and "secure attachment" and how these could be developed in a foster care setting. Likewise, it will also distinguish foster parental from professional foster care in relation to caring foster children in the process. This study will be relevant as a guide for future and present caregivers, whether foster parents or professional care providers for children from infanthood to pre-school or even schooling children. Dozier et al (2001) suggested that it is necessary to establish attachment quality "because it reflects the quality of the (children's) relationship with the caregiver and [] it is associated with the child's later interpersonal functioning." Likewise, the three aspects: internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior and trouble with peers shall also be considered in this research as these are qualitative factors that define the aim of this study. Background of the Study: Marcus (1991) established that children are "placed in foster care when any local Department of Social Services and the courts have determined that current parental care for those children has fallen below acceptable community standards and the child is at risk to be harmed." While Ericksona and Egeland (1987) proposed that "foster care may be haven from further neglect or abuse," it is possible that child may bring to this arrangement the sequel of maltreatment, including feelings of rejection, lowered self-esteem, mistrust and resentment. Marcus (1991) provided for basis of quality care in the form of social supports, perception of affection from adults, and the quality of

Nutrition to prevent weight loss in stroke patients Essay

Nutrition to prevent weight loss in stroke patients - Essay Example Some cases will allow for the simple determination of nutritional ingredients. Many others are not as easy to deal with. In this essay, an attempt to present corresponding solutions to meet nutritional requirements will be done given the most common scenarios of stroke patients facing the risk of losing weight. Aside from the simple case, the following other situations will be considered: (1) stroke patients with poor appetite due to a damaged ability to chew and swallow normally; (2) poor taste and smell; (3) emotional issues preventing normal food intake; (4) the need for lifestyle change; and (5) stroke patients with chronic conditions. The purpose of including all these is to provide a ready set of guidelines for use when any of these situations are encountered. This essay is taken from the viewpoint of Nurses, Caregivers, and Nutritionists. A Case of Recovery from Stroke Without Complications: Determine Nutritional Requirements. There should be a periodic attempt to determine the stroke patient’s energy requirements in order to achieve a desirable weight. Of course, this is aside from taking BP before and after meals, and whenever there is a need to do so. Knowing the energy requirements will reveal how much calories are needed. Freda Myco (1983, p. 94) noted that â€Å"the energy needs of stroke patients†¦should be assessed in relation to body weight, body build, age, sex, health status, and physical activity levels.† For those who are normal, energy requirements would be about 2000 kcals/24 hours for men and 1,800 kcals/24 hours for women.... Knowing the energy requirements will reveal how much calories are needed. Freda Myco (1983, p. 94) noted that â€Å"the energy needs of stroke patients†¦should be assessed in relation to body weight, body build, age, sex, health status, and physical activity levels.† For those who are normal, energy requirements would be about 2000 kcals/24 hours for men and 1,800 kcals/24 hours for women. A stroke patient should take the right amount of calories to maintain weight. The consequence of too much calories will be weight gain, while lack of calories will turn the patient into a malnourished person with lack of energy to exercise. Since the topic of this paper is about nutrition to prevent weight loss of stroke patients, it should be worth mentioning that Freda Myco (1983, p.95) also clarified that â€Å"Malnutrition is not caused by simply taking too few calories, rather it is the result of a deficiency in the correct mixture of food constituents, vitamins, and minerals.â₠¬  Basic Rules For A Lean, Healthy Body What stroke patients will need is a good eating habit of the right diet containing adequate calories without the unwanted cholesterol. At Body Art, Tanya Lee Sheehan recommends (2008, p. 11) that a person should eat just enough every 3 hours. And the recipe should be â€Å"more lean protein, veggies, fruit and nuts†. There is a reason for eating more often but with less quantity. It gives time for food to be digested first before a new set will need digestion. But her ideas are for people who can still exercise and burn the food they eat through exercises. In the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) of the UN, along with Ann Burgess, Peter Glasauer (2004, p.83), there is a guideline about â€Å"How to help sick

Constructing Narratives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Constructing Narratives - Essay Example Therefore, in order to enhance their narrative construction, ELL students need to be aware of various elements of language use. This paper will consider the function of storytelling in facilitating the ELL’s capacity to construct narratives, describing the various ways in which storytelling enhances these students’ capacity to recount events. This paper will also examine what ELL students need to be aware of regarding language use so as to enhance their construction of written and oral narrative. All over the world, people convey stories to their children. Storytelling is a universal action, which is perhaps the most dominant kind of discourse. Through making use of stories and storytelling, ELLs having different beliefs and religious and cultural backgrounds can exist harmoniously in the classroom environment. Storytelling and stories essentially provide students from different religious, cultural and linguistic backgrounds an effective mechanism for appreciating their world, connecting both with their cultures, as well as the cultures of other students and expressing themselves effectively to others (Diaz-Rico & Weed, (2006). The essence of storytelling is a communicative device, which requires the storyteller and listener to work together collaboratively as transmitters and receivers of both ideas and thoughts. Therefore, in the context of an ELL classroom, storytelling is a means of communication, which allows student storytellers and listeners to share, combine and exchange their experiences in order to create associations and connections. Storytelling helps construct narratives by teaching ELLs about life, about themselves and about other students. Storytelling creates cultural understanding, which, in turn, enhances the students’ capacity to explore various aspects of their lives, thereby creating narratives based on their cultural roots. Within the context of constructing narrative, storytelling allows ELLs gain insights into variou s values and traditions and consider new ideas. Furthermore, storytelling enhances children’s capacities to empathize with unfamiliar situations and places. The development of narrative is also possible through storytelling because stories enable children to reveal their commonalities and differences in the cultures represented in the ELL classroom, particularly by enabling children to open up with regard to their cultural roots. Storytelling and stories also promote narrative creation among ELLs by promoting students’ relaxation and overall well-being (Bruner, 2002). This is primarily because storytelling enhances the willingness of ELL students to communicate their feelings and thoughts. This, in turn, enhances the construction of narrative. Additionally, stories and storytelling encourage ELLs to participate actively in all aspects of their classrooms and lessons, for instance, the construction of narrative, particularly with regard to verbal narrative. Overall, mos t stories involve the explanation of various actions taken by the storyteller to achieve a certain result (Craig, Hull, Haggart & Crowder, 2001). As a consequence, storytelling typically entails an extensive use of words for recounting purposes. In essence, storytelling within the ELL classroom helps ELL students enhance their verbal proficiency, thereby enhancing their narrative capabilities. In addition, stories have

Reflexion Research Report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Reflexion Report - Research Paper Example The project deals with retail business as it relates to opening an e-commerce expansion to an existing firm. Due to the fact that data and analysis for a new form of retail sector is varied and vast, the amount of information available to analyze was equally varied. The Centre for Retail Research has stated that the retail spending for the current year was about 3.2% which depicted an increase of 0.9%. In the following year, The Centre for Retail Research has predicted sales rising a further 1.6% over 2012 levels. Likewise, these measurements are important to analyze and comprehend as if the market demand is not high, it would not be profitable for a new brand to launch its product in the sluggish market. But as per the report of Key Note, the future of the footwear market remains positive as sales are expected to rise in 2012 as with some large spectator events taking place in the city. The event is very much likely to boost sales of sports footwear as millions of individuals will b e coming to London to witness the spectacle of the Olympic Games. Between 2012 and 2016, the sales of footwear are expected to increase by 16.2% which will boost the confidence of the consumer to spend more on footwear products. The sources justifies that the research conducted in the retail segment relates with the business plan and proves to be both beneficial and profitable.