Communicating Using Social Media Essay

Technology has developed tremendously the past decade, more so than it has in the past, and a variety of businesses are being challenged in this area. People from all over the world are constantly innovating new ideas, brainstorming on how to interact more efficiently, than and as fast as they or it possibly can. In order to do this, individuals must communicate with one another, using resources and updated tools to drive out the competition. Technology has changed business in many ways, but its affect on communication is arguably the most significant (Morley, 2013). Also, the skill to speak plainly and supportive is one of the talents that businesses look for in employees. The use of technology can assist students, companies, and computer gurus with communicating, which will lessen the time it takes. The use of social media in the workplace has elevated concerns about loss of time and productivity. However, our study reveals that at the workplace, social media is being increasingly used by professionals for multitasking and for better time management. (Revathy, 2012) Technology can also have penalties that diminish relationships without the tool as a mediator. There are positive, negative, and gray areas when discussing social networking, social media, and how it has affected businesses or the populace in general. Technology and communication are what make up social networking, which has become a â€Å"norm† for Generation X & Y. The findings came just a few months after the Kaiser Family Foundation reported that Americans between the ages of 8 and 18 spend on average 7 1/2 hours a day using some sort of electronic device, from smart phones to MP3 players to computers — a number that startled many adults, even those who keep their Blackberry’s within arm’s reach during most waking hours..(Stout, 2010) These generations are leading our country globally, internationally, and locally. Because it has been more recent that Smartphone’s and Apple products have flooded the market, there have not been a lot of comprehensive studies done on the impact it is having and I will alleviate on my findings. Social networking can lessen costs, make communication better, and is beginning to assist greatly with marketing departments all over the world. Digital technologies swiftly transform our communication style, the way we purchase and industry interactions in several departments. Compared to older technologies, new technologies have been adopted and implemented more quickly by individuals and businesses. Organizations that use social media are able to reach their consumers promptly, effortlessly, and receive quick responses. The ability to have questions answered immediately allows customer support staff to work faster without irritating the customer. The downside is that employees are less likely to engage in social activities away from their computers (Webster, 2010). While information and communication technologies influence brand loyalty and brand awareness, there is a secure relationship between demanding market-oriented configurations and improving customer loyalty, recognition, and satisfaction. When the influence of social media-focused information & communication technologies on the costs was determined, it was revealed that these technologies reduce administrative costs, supplier/partner costs, internal communication costs, and customer management costs, which in turn positively influences the business performance (Gecti & Dasan, 2013). It is a lot cheaper to do business in a social media environment when regarding promotions, expenses, and revenue made. Marketing, sales, and promotional activities done in social media environments provide businesses an opportunity to act independently of their physical environments (Gecti & Dasan, 2013). This article also spoke of employees having better relationships with one another, being able to conne ct online has helped their line of communication drastically; so their attitudes and work environment has improved as well. It was enlightening to see that these technologies definitely affect brand recognition of the corporation and customer devotion to services and products. Large and small companies seek to form a connection between their customers, products or services; particularly through advertisement and other creative activities. When sudden transfer of information, instant feedback, and broad areas of influence are considered especially in social media environments, businesses execute marketing-focused activities in these environments (Gecti & Dasan, 2013). The latest technologies guide the way; facilitate a new perspective, and guarantee positive and negatives for the nations’ wealth and businesses’. This brings to mind the surfacing of new applications for many telecommunications, companies, and individuals. Social media is exceptionally significant in viral marketing and in the encouragement of new products. Consciousness and successful use of social media has produced ample solutions in these areas and has generated a novel line of work for the information technology industry. As information travels faster and faster and more reliably, barriers of distance disappear, and businesses are realizing how easy it is to outsource jobs overseas (Mcgrath, 2013). There are additional positions being implemented daily into social networking and the people that are already in place in this segment are constantly growing. Someone is responsible for collecting the responses made by consumers and interpreting them so that they can pr omote â€Å"liked† items. By using Face Book and Twitter, generally you can determine whether a product is going places or not. Comments, news, or shares about products or companies in social networks, blogs, and news sites so on are constantly monitored through specially developed software to collect information and to provide instant response. In this way, businesses have a chance to store and manage the unstructured information (Kietzman, 2011). Traditionally, consumers used the Internet to simply expend content: they read it, they watched it, and they used it to buy products and services. Increasingly, however, consumers are utilizing platforms—such as content sharing sites, blogs, social networking, and wikis—to create, modify, share, and discuss Internet content. This represents the social media phenomenon, which can now significantly impact a firm’s reputation, sales, and even survival. Yet, many executives eschew or ignore this form of media because they don’t understand what it is, the various forms it can take, and how to engage with it and learn (Keitzmann, 2011). As all these positive aspects of social media can and is changing the way we think and buy. The major concern is that is moving so fast that the leaders making huge decisions that can affect our daily lives are reluctant in catching up with the new ways. This hesitance will cause a negative influence on communication in business and technology. Hopefully, eventually these two extremes will coincide and all generations can find a way to join together in moving forward at the same pace. Until then, future leaders of America will have to step up and find innovative ways to implement training in these areas. I believe that the more important thing to remember through all of the â€Å"change† is that we are doing it together and to be open minded to the idea that there may be a more efficient way to do something. Whether it is gain feedback or to simply get a shift covered, technology is changing fast and if he/she does not get on the fast train with the rest of the world, then companies may suffer extraneously. The negative sides to social media and technology in business communications consists of the obvious: misunderstood messages, misinterpreted texts, email, IM, etc., isolation, no actual social life, too public, and simply too difficult to comprehend. It’s worth noting, however, that today only 5 percent of communications occur on social networks. Moreover, almost all digital human interactions can ultimately become â€Å"social,† and jobs involving physical labor and the processing of transactions are giving way, across the globe, to work requiring complex interactions with other people, independent judgment, and the analysis of information. As a result, we believe social technologies are destined to play a much larger role not only in individual interactions but also in how companies are organized and managed. While the adoption of social technologies is growing rapidly, a huge untapped potential for them to create value remains (Bughin, Michael, James, 2012). That statistic was from last year and it was only five percent that companies actually engage in social media. I am positive the numbers have grown significantly, but I am also sure that there is a large percentage that does not want anything to do with this world. Some employers may feel social is inappropriate for the office because its name implies socializing rather than working (Poluck, 2012). There are many different ways that people can misunderstand emails or texts, especially when you cannot see the person. There are a lot of emoticons and symbols used to replace emotions, but without being able to look into someone’s eyes or see their body language, it is almost impossible to tell if they meant what they said the way that you think you should have interpreted it. People could waste valuable time trying to encrypt these messages when they could have picked up the phone. Having a pleasurable conversation with our family, friends or significant others, we lock our eyes to our computer and mobile device screens instead of listening and giving feedback. Technology has its advantages, but we should take a footstep back and grasp what it is doing to our skills, talents, and relationships. The question on researchers’ minds is whether all that texting, instant messaging and online social networking allows children to become more connected and supportive of their friends — or whether the quality of their interactions is being diminished without the intimacy and emotional give and take of regular, extended face-to-face time (Stout, 2010). Our children will be educated in a completely different era than we were, than our parents, and their parents which can be intimidating when you look carefully at how fast all of this happening. Also, another disadvantage that Morley says, â€Å"Instant communication can make it harder for workers to deal with one task at a time when their work is constantly being interrupted by comments and questions that relate to other projects or even personal issues. In fact, some employees must make an effort to turn off communication devices while they work to meet deadlines (Morley). Maybe companies are strategically planning ways to welcome new technologies or implementing training programs so that employees are aware of how to communicate effectively online. In my experience, I have not been in an organization that implemented a training program for communication, let alone a training of how to â€Å"tweet† professionally. If a company already has policies on misconduct, then mostly they could enforce the same rules when applying to social networking in the workplace. I did work for one hotel that took one of its sales persons and gave her the title of coordinator over social engagement. As I was leaving last summer, she was handling all trip advisor comments and applied them to the employees when it was good or bad. If there were good comments on particular employees, she would recognize and reward, which did motivate them. Through my research, I found limitless articles, journals, CDs, books, etc. that offered training on communication individually, group settings, and in the workplace. If I were to choose, I would definitely choose one that focuses on communicating respectively, but that also starts with the basics so that all ages and cultures can catch up to speed. Start with different departments and treat it as any training session, make it fun and interactive. If people are not given the knowledge, we cannot expect them to act any differently. People are representing their companies when they are working and when they are not. If those individuals are â€Å"connected† to people at work and you put your entire personal life online, then you can expect co-workers at your job to know the details of your weekend. Human resource department can also use these open networking sites to look up your page and see if you will be a good candidate or not. Whether it is positive or negative, the use of social media with technology in business communications is happening, regardless who likes it or who is not â€Å"ready† for it. References Bughin, J., Chui, M., & manyika, J. (2012). Capturing business value with social technologies. McKinsey Quarterly (4), 72-80. Geà §ti, F., & Dastan, I. (2013). The impact of social media-focused information & technologies on business performance via mediating mechanisms: An exploratory study on communication and advertising agencies in Turkey. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(7), 106-115. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1357565373?accountid=32521 Jan H. Kietzmann, Kristopher Hermkens, Ian P. McCarthy, Bruno S. Silvestre, Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media, Business Horizons, Volume 54, Issue 3, May–June 2011, Pages 241-251, ISSN 0007-6813, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.005. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681311000061) McGrath, Jane. (2008). How has technology changed the way we conduct business? HowStuffWorks.com. Retrieved from http://money.howstuffworks.com/technology-changed-business.htm Morley, Amanda. (n.d). Effects on Technology in Business Communications. Chron. Demand Media. Retrieved June 16, 2013 from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/effects-technology-business-communications-23045.html Pollack, J. (2009, May 23). ‘Something’s got to change’; social media the internet’s moving too fast for companies to not keep up with it – old traditions, such as memos, don’t work in the age of mass and immediate communication, tech executive says. Telegraph-Journal. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/423358594?accountid=32521 Revathy, L. N. (2012, Mar 26). Business communication shifting to social media. Businessline. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1321923181?accountid=32521 Stout, Hillary. (2010, April 10). Antisocial Networking? New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/02/fashion/02BEST.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Webster, Shannon. (n.d.). What are the positive and negative effects of using technology to communicate? Chron. Demand Media. Retrieved June 16, 2013 from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/positive-negative-effects-using-technology-communicate-21241.html

Computer Gaming Addiction Essay

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Computer Gaming Addiction is a modern problem in maritime high school students nowadays. It is a challenging part to the teachers to let students stay focused in their everyday lessons. It greatly affects the mental health of every student who is involved in this kind of activity. Computer Gaming Addiction by nature is the irresistible addiction and abusive use of computer for gaming purposes and sometimes even resulting to harmful effects to the part of the user. The person who is involved in this kind of activity can’t control the urge in playing computer games. By being addicted to computer games is like being addicted to drugs, alcohol, or gambling which resulted in academic failure. Apparently, computer gaming addiction has spread throughout the world, including Philippines. Several cases of computer gaming addiction were already recorded in the country and most of the addicted individuals, sadly, comes mostly from the high school category and usually are subjected to academic failure and cutting of classes. Sometimes, gaming addicts even go to as far as spending all their allowance just to satisfy their desire in playing computer games. It is a demanding part for the teachers and mostly to the parents of the student who is engaged in this kind of activity because they are doing their best in letting their child walk in the right path, but it is somewhat sad to note, that this addiction is disturbing millions of Filipinos and their families in every feature of their life. The main areas affected include school, family and relationships. Definition of terms Computer -is a programmable machine designed to   automatically carry out a sequence of   arithmetic or logical operations. The   particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to   solve more than one kind of problem. Gaming -is the practice of playing computer games or   role playing games. The act of playing for stakes in the hope of winning. Addiction -has been defined as physical and/or Psychological dependence on psychoactive substances which cross the blood-brain barrier once ingested, temporarily altering the chemical milieu of the brain. Addiction can also be viewed as a continued involvement with a substance or activity despite the negative consequences associated with it. Maritime, relating to the sea, shipping, sailing in ships   or living and working at sea. High School – is the upper secondary school. Students – are someone who studies at a school, college or in a university. Social isolation is the act of withdrawing from society in   general. There is usually not much interaction with other people, illnesses and phobias are major factors in social isolation. Social Isolation can contribute toward many emotional, behavioral and physical disorders including: heightened anxiety, panic attacks, eating disorders, addictions, substance abuse, violent behavior and overall disease. Habit -is an action or pattern of behavior that is repeated so often that it becomes typical of somebody, although he or she may be unaware of it. Family, basic social group united through bonds of kinship or marriage, present in all societies. Ideally, the family provides its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization. The structure of the family and the needs that the family fulfills vary from society to society. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE COMPUTER GAMING ADDICTION Computer game addiction is a worrying aspect of the modern-day technologically able youth. Many children spend hours a day on computers, so much so that computers have become a primary source of entertainment for them, as well as a convenient baby-sitter. Many young people suffering from shyness also risk becoming addicted to computers. Success with computers provides them with the self-confidence they lack in their personal lives. Shy youngsters who take refuge in the computer may fail to learn and practice important social skills needed later in life. If history is an accurate gauge, computer games will continue to follow societal trends in the 21st century. One dominant theme in the modern world is the rapid spread of technology, which is having a great impact on children’s toys and computer games. The great strides in computer chip technology over the last several decades have made electronic games and toys more powerful and affordable every year. These famous computer games are not only popular with children but also with millions of teenagers and adults, which greatly increases their reach and overall popularity. Total annual sales of home video game systems—such as Nintendo GameCube and Game Boy, Sony PlayStation, and Microsoft Xbox—and related software passed $10 billion in the first few years of the 21st century in the United States, and the industry continues to expand. At the same time, some child-development experts and parents fear that the long hours spent playing video and computer games can hamper children’s social skills, discourage more imaginative play, and—in the case of more explicit games—promote violence. The Effects of Computer Games Addiction Putting the Real World Aside Computer games addiction has no physical component or objective diagnosis, but many of the consequences are similar to alcoholism or drug addiction. Some addicts allow jobs, relationships and academic careers to languish or collapse in order to spend more time playing their favorite games. Gamers who become entrenched in excessive daily gaming routines can find it difficult to make room for much else in life. Social Isolation Computer games addicts tend to isolate themselves from normal, face-to-face human contact. Some of the most addictive games are found online, where the player competes and cooperate with others around the world. These online relationships online can eventually crowd out more intimate, real-life ones. The Financial Drain The sheer amount of time many addicts spend playing—100 hours a week or more, in some cases—inevitably leads to decreased job or academic performance. Late nights and days spent obsessing over the game make the addict unable to perform as well as he would be able to otherwise. Some gamers spend real money on virtual products to make their characters more powerful or distinctive, reducing the money available for necessities. Impact on Family Aside from academic obligations, children and young people have relatively few responsibilities to shirk by playing games. When an adult with dependents becomes addicted to computer games, however, the addiction can shatter a family. Game obsession takes away from time spent with family, which can lead to neglect of children and weakening of marriage bonds. Habits Computer games addiction describes an ingrained set of habits rather than a true addiction. It can be concomitant with depression or mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder. Therapy, treatment programs and/or medication for the underlying disorder can be helpful. The earlier treatment is sought, the greater the chance it will be successful. ADVANTAGES Computer game playing may have several advantages. Proficiency in video games can develop the self-esteem of the player. It can develop eye-hand coordination, and can have other educational features. More sophisticated games can help players to develop other skills, and recent developments have built in aspects of physical exercise — although this may have limited appeal to gamers. The reality of popular culture is that we are more and more dependent on technology. A generation ago, computers were complicated and difficult to use, but modern computers are more user-friendly, and are relatively easy and enjoyable for the majority of people to use. Video games allow people to have positive experiences of using computers that can provide transferable skills for using computers for a variety of purposes. Bearing in mind the potential positive effects of video game playing, to label the activity an addiction without sufficient evidence and interpretive guidelines about what constitutes addiction could deter many children and their parents who could possibly benefit from video games. There is wide variation in video games, and although some appear to have harmful effects, particularly through the promotion of violence and other anti-social behaviors, this is a function of the content of specific games, rather than a characteristic of video games. Video games as a medium have equal potential to develop positive social skills, or to provide benign forms of entertainment — although these may not be as easily marketable to kids. Concern to Computer Addicts It’s a tough habit to kick. It’s not like you can just stop using the computer altogether. You need it for school and to stay in touch with your friends. If you’re a gamer, most of your friends may also be gamers, meaning that you would not have anyone to hang out with if you stopped playing completely. One of the primary concerns with violence in video games is that gaming is not passive. In order to play and win, the player has to be the aggressor. Rather than watching violence, as he might do on television, he’s committing the violent acts. Most researchers acknowledge that this kind of active participation affects a person’s thought patterns, at least in the short term. REFERENCES Encarta Dictionaries Microsoft Student with Encarta Premium 2008 DVD http://www.ehow.com/about_5377629_effects-computer-games-addiction.html http://addictions.about.com/od/videogameaddiction/i/is_gaming_addiction_real_2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_social_isolation http://www.thefreedictionary.com/gaming http://www.video-game-addiction.org |

Liberal Democracy vs Social Democracy Essay

Abstract The essay to follow will discuss what is meant by liberal democracy. The term will be defined and further discussed. In addition, it will be contrasted with that of a socialist democracy. This democratic system will be defined in political terms with reference to valid examples as too will liberal democracy. The following essay is based on a contrast between liberal and socialist democracy from a political perspective. An analysis of the terms, concepts and the question will then follow. In addition, reference will be made to current examples such as that of the USA, Great Britain, and Chile as evidence for each type of democracy that is being examined. Furthermore, key issues that will be discussed in this paper consist of democracy as a whole, negative and positive freedom within a liberal democracy, and the failure of socialism in the third world. Furthermore this essay will prove that Sweden is not a socialist democracy. In order to contrast liberal and socialist democracy one must first hold an understanding of what each term means. In order to go about understanding these terms, it is important to first understand what democracy. In simple terms, democracy can be defined as the rule of the people. A democracy is about the people who come together to decide on laws. And according to Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address of 1863, democracy links government to the people as he stated that democracy is a â€Å"government of the people, by the people, and for the people† (Heywood, 2014). Universal suffrage plays a role in deciding these laws. This term is understood as the right of almost all adults to vote in political elections. Depending on the country, there are different requirements which have to be fulfilled. In the Philippines, citizens have to be at least eighteen years of age, and have to have resided in the Philippines for at least one year and in the region wherein they wish to vote, for at least six months prior to the election (Castillo, 2011). There is not always collective decision-making within every democracy. Zimbabwe for one claims to be a â€Å"democracy† based on the will of the people with a leader who claims to a monopoly of ideological wisdom but there isn’t collective decision making. Whereas it really is a totalitarian democracy in which there is absolute dictatorship that pretends to be a democracy. Also here, which is a republic version of democracy, where you elect representatives to make decisions on your behalf. The scope of a democracy defines what should fall under the sovereignty of life, and divides the liberals from the socialists. Heywood (2013) states that liberalism is â€Å"the ideology of the industrialized West†. By this Heywood means that liberalism is a classical ideology that supports social progression and the changing of laws through reform rather than through a revolution. The individual is the primary focus of liberalism, not of revolution. Consequently we can understand liberal democracy as a modern form of governance that denies that popular rule is the ultimate political rule. Leaders are elected by the collective to govern the entity on behalf of the community. In South Africa not all leaders declare voted for by the collective due to the fact that there are provisional elections that are only open to those citizens residing in that province, such as you could not vote in Cape Town if you live in Gauteng. But you choose to vote for an overall party during the ele ctions based on the rule of the law and therefore the election is free and fair (Yufo, 2008). Great Britain is an example of a state which has a liberal democracy even though it is also a monarchy (Evolution News, 2014). It is considered a laissez-faire liberalism in that the Government are free to do as they choose for up to 5 years before the next free and fair democratic election The British declaration political settlement of 1688 is evidence that Great Britain became the first liberal state in 1614. Another liberal democratic state is the United States of America according to the American Declaration of Independence of 1776 as freedoms such as that of thought, speech, association and religion are all basic liberties that take priority over popular rule (Gutmann, 1993). Liberal freedom within this democracy is a characteristic of negative freedom as individuals are equally free and protected from collective decisions. Negative freedom has no external constraints on the individual or the collective due to the freedoms available to them and the fact that there is no interference in decision-making and a lack of forces which prevent individuals from doing as they please. Although in South Africa, government has implemented the â€Å"Secrecy Bill†. This bill is somewhat a farewell to democracy, as the freedom of speech is no longer a right, as both citizens and the media have been censored by government. The purpose of the secrecy bill is to protect state information (SABC, 2013) and many people would argue that this silencing is due to the self-interest of politicians that are involved in activities such as corruption. Laws such as this contradict democratic freedoms such as that of speech. Positive freedom can be defined as having some control over your decisions. This is an autonomous state which gives you as the individual an education for example in order for you to reach your full potential. The government also provides grants and subsidies to assist individuals in achieving this potential. The formation of free and compulsory education, public health systems limit the freedom of the capitalists to exploit workers, but give worker the opp ortunity to develop as human beings. Positive freedom has been built up due to the struggle of the working class which in which the legislation limited the hours of work per day, per person and abolished child labor (Marxist, 2014). In the words of J.S Mill â€Å"the only freedom which deserves the name is that of pursuing our own good in our own way† and this is exactly what Liberal democracy aims at achieving as American and Great Britain citizens have individual and property rights which are both a principle of classical liberalism (Heywood, 2014, p32). Socialist democracy in essence is a modern version of socialism. All these notions were integrated but there are small distinctions between them. Social democracy takes some of its principles from socialism such as free enterprise and the focus on societal framework. Whereas capitalism, private enterprise and maximization of life opportunities are more democracy than socialism. In theory South Africa is an example of democracy as the constitution states that RDP housing is provided by government (Rabbani, 1994), due to the fact that government provide grants and education in order to correct the ills of Apartheid. Socialism, by definition, is a system marked by the â€Å"common ownership of the means of production (Legon, 2013). Having said so, we can simply understand it is a democracy that uses socialist reforms in their referendum. It is pivotal to make this distinction between socialism and socialist democracy as they are not the same concept and often the two terms are confused. A social democracy is a government that uses democratic process but also consists of characteristics that resemble those of a socialist society as mentioned in the above. Social democrats generally are committed to acting for the common good. In a government that is a social democracy, the government plays an active role in regulating certain political and economic conditions (Jablonsky, 2014). A socialist democracy is a Marxist organisation which believes that the poverty and misery and the oppression and exploitation that marks their society is the result of control of the world’s wealth and productive resources by a tiny class that exploits the vast majority of society. This leads to humanity crippled by the reality an d ideology of capitalist society. In the Soviet Union, China, Vietnam and Eastern Europe socialist democracy is the dominant system. The trouble of the people in liberal democratic countries is not as wretched as it is in socialist countries, due to the fact that in communist countries, political and economic system are imposed on society by party officials therefore resulting in untold human suffering and severe psycho-economic exploitation. Both liberal democracy and socialist democracy may be considered forms of political democracy because these systems are based on economic and political centralization (Evolution news, 2014). Many would argue that socialism has failed and that the Cuban economy is a disaster and when Cuba found itself caught in disagreement therefore facing both the merciless US blockade and enduring the suspension of all trade with the former members of the socialist bloc–, leaders of the Cuban revolution told the people: â€Å"either we stand our ground or we lose everything we have ach ieved under socialism† (Legon, 2013). This brings us to discuss the failure of socialist democracy in third world countries. This democracy promised prosperity, equality and security. Yet it is evident that it rather delivered poverty, misery and autocracy. Equality was achieved only in the sense that everyone was equal in his or her misery. Socialism is now a bankrupt, discredited, and flawed nineteenth century theory that has failed miserably in countries around the world (Perry, 2014). We can agree that Socialism has collapsed because of its failure to operate under a competitive, profit- and-loss system of bookkeeping. A profit system is a very effective monitoring tool which frequently assesses the economic performance of every enterprise (Perry, 2014). The firms that are the most efficient and most successful at serving the public interest are rewarded with profits. Evidence of a socialist democracy can be seen in Chile as their changeover to democracy has still not been achieved. After a decade of non-combatant rule, the state remains under the military dictatorship’s 1980 constitution. According to the writings of Alejandro Reuss â€Å"The president has made sure to not aggravate the still-powerful Armed Forces. He has insisted that his relations with the Armed Forces are â€Å"excellent and that they can work together for Chile†. The Chilean Socialist leader Ricardo Lagos has declared that Chileans should stop worrying about the past, concentra ting instead on their future together (Reuss, 2001). The above clearly proves that socialism has failed in the third world. The question of whether Sweden is or is not a socialist democracy has risen many times before in the past within the left internationally, with regards to the politics and economy of the Nordic state or if Sweden is an alternative to neo-liberal capitalism (Olsson, 2009). Sweden has never been a socialist society as it is based merely on public ownership of production, workers’ control and management, social equality and a democratic plan of production which are characteristics of a socialist entity according to Olsson (2009). Neither has Sweden been a ‘mixed economy’. In fact it is one of the most well off country’s to date. It is evident that the social democrats and the trade union movement in Sweden are â€Å"facing a historic crisis as they have lost roots, influence and support, with no prospect of regaining their old ground as their policy and methods mean further attacks on what is left of the general welfare system. The social democratic party has become an empty shell† (Olsson, 2009) but that doesn’t change the fact that Sweden is not a socialist democracy. In conclusion, there is a major contrast between liberal democracy and social democracy. Evidently a liberalist democracy is built on the foundations of organic social solidarity with private ownership of production, empirical (demonstrable, verifiable reasoning), scientific, reflective and constructivism. The pursuit of the greatest possible welfare for all is a major view of liberal democracy. It considers the State as an association like any other, generally managed no better and no more efficient than others and wishes the abolition of all monopolies as well as the disappearance of classes and that there should be no more proletariats (Lesigne, 1887). Liberals wish to leave each in possession of its own and desires everybody to be a proprietor. The latter promises liberty and makes the State the employee of the citizen. Whereas socialist democracy is based on collective ownership of the means of production, political restrictions, and is dogmatic, meaning that the government is i nclined to lay down principles as undeniably true as well as being destructive. Socialist democracy wishes for the governed class to become the governing class and that that there should be none but proletariats. The most obvious distinction is that socialist democracy wishes to take everything and all positions away from everyone and impound them (Lesigne, 1887). The greatest contrast between both democracies is that liberal democracy is the future, while socialist democracy is the past. Bibliography 1.Gutmann, A (1993). a companion to contemporary political philosophy. 2nd ed. Australia: Blackwell Publishing. p413. 2.Heywood, A. (2013). Political Ideas and Ideologies. In: Heywood, A Politics. 4th ed. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. 31, 32. 3.Kuttner,R. (2005). Liberalism, Socialism, and Democracy. Available: http://prospect.org/article/liberalism-socialism-and-democracy. Last accessed 13 March 2014. 4.Legon E D. (2013). Cuba and the Alleged Failure of Socialism. Available: http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=99148. Last accessed 17 March 2014. 5.Lesigne, E (1887). Liberty V. p5. 6.Olsson, P. (2009). Sweden Is Sweden Socialist?. Available: http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/3752. Last accessed 15 March 2014. 7.Perry, M. (2014). Why Socialism Failed. Available: http://spruce.flint.umich.edu/~mjperry/socialism.htm. 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The Declaration of Independence. Available: http://www.ushistory.org/DECLARATION/DOCUMENT/index.htm. Last accessed 17 March 2014 14.Unknown. (2014). Glossary of terms : FR. Available: http://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/f/r.htm. Last accessed 16 March 2014. 15.Yufo. (2008). http://www.studymode.com/essays/Liberal-Democracy-140567.html?utm_campaign=transactionalEmail&utm_source=sendgrid&utm_medium=email. Available: http://www.studymode.com/essays/Liberal-Democracy-140567.html?utm_campaign=transactionalEmail&utm_source=sendgrid&utm_medium=email. Last accessed 17 March 2014.

The Math 101 Course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Math 101 Course - Essay Example I had always been a little apprehensive about studying Math. However, I found the Math 101 course specifically designed to cater to students like me. All the concepts were explained clearly and in a simple manner so that I could understand them well. This course has given me a strong foundation in basic math such that I am able to understand and appreciate various mathematical concepts in a wider perspective. I therefore feel more confident about the subject now.Looking back, I feel that my learning was initially clouded by the apprehension I had regarding the subject. However, as I attended the classes, I gained confidence and was able to understand various concepts like curve sketching, linear equations, matrices, numerical sets and exponential and logarithmic functions. I also feel that if I had spent more time practicing some of the concepts like exponential and logarithmic functions and linear equations, I would have been able to perform better in the course.Regarding the topics that were covered in this course, I found two topics - linear equations and exponential and logarithmic functions – a little difficult to understand. I would suggest using additional problem solving exercises and application exercises to improve this course material.Since I have overcome my initial anxiety about studying math and my performance in this class has been much better than I expected, I feel more confident on the subject. I feel that I have achieved all the course objectives that were listed in the course syllabus. Completing this course has given me the confidence to assess and interpret results in real world situations. I feel that the knowledge I have gained through this course will help me in effective decision making and develop good written communication skills while working in collaboration with others in a professional scenario.

Financial advice to manage a portfolio of 1,000,000 Essay

Financial advice to manage a portfolio of 1,000,000 - Essay Example This would rule out any advice that may involve buying speculative shares on the stock exchange. I would suggest that the direction we need to take in this case is a conservative approach, with the intention of safeguard the capital invested whilst at the same time, if possible, creating a small income to supplement. The other area we need to bear in mind is that you may also need to have reasonably quick access to the capital to either supplement the costs of your stay here, or for any other eventually that might crop up that cannot be met from your present income sources. What we would suggest in this instance is that between 20 – 25% of the funds should be placed into a cash situation, such as a building society, limited term bond with the ability to withdraw the funds relatively quickly if necessary. This will attract interest. The balance of the funds should be placed into bands, but it is necessary to ensure that these are what we call safe, rather than junk bonds. Junk bonds are those issued by organisations that the market considers to be doubtful in nature. Whilst the return is higher, so is the risk. I have to mention here that all investments which are linked in some way to company stocks and shares, even the bonds recommended, can reduce in value as well as increase, although bonds values historically do not vary as much as shares. Its must also be remembered that there could be a tax implication, certainly on any interest earned, unless one has invested via a TESSA or ISA. In addition one has to taken into account the possibility of capital gains tax, which comes into force should the gain exceed a given amount. Single parents have some unique situations when it comes to their investment portfolio. You need to make four provisions. One would be for the future, your retirement. The second provision is to provide cash

A Critique of Federal Agencies Prior to the September 11 Essay

A Critique of Federal Agencies Prior to the September 11 - Essay Example Several agents are criticised for having failed to effective and efficient in preventing terrorism acts, some of these agents discussed in this paper include the FBI, the INS, CIA, immigration department and the FAA.In February 1993 a bomb exploded under the twin towers and the FBI arrested proprietors of the act including Mohammed Salameh and Nidal Ayyad who were convicted, however it was clear that these were not the only individuals who plotted the bombing, (NCTA report (2004) page 74)In the department of justice countering terrorism is under the FBI, before the 9/11 bombing the special agents in FBI field offices were free to set priorities and assign officers appropriately. To avoid duplication each office worked on different cases. The organisation of the FBI was organised in such a way that they did not put much effort on counter terrorism activities and this was due to two reasons. (NCTA report (2004) Page 74)Performance in the FBI was determined by the number of arrests and prosecutions, this made special agents to concentrate more on domestic crimes rather than terrorism because counter terrorism work involved lengthy investigation that in the long run would not yield positive results. This also made individual officers to concentrate much on domestic crimes such as drug crimes and gang crimes. (NCTA report (2004) Page 74)... ffice of origin concept, this means that a field office was assigned a specific case, this meant that if a field office was concentrating on a certain case the other officers would be working on other cases, the New York office was assigned the Bin Laden case following the east Africa bombing. As a result of this individual officers were less concerned with the Bin Laden case and this meant that the New York office held all the information regarding al Qaeda. (NCTA report (2004) Page 74) Louise Freeh was appointed as the director of the FBI in 1993, he brought changes in the to bureau including decentralisation, after the 1993 bombing Freeh created a division in the bureau that would concentrate mainly on counterterrorism, the FBI counterterrorism division budget tripled but in 1998 and 2000 the counterterrorism budget remained relatively constant, this meant that the bureau did not concentrate on emphasising more on terrorism, the other problem that arose is that the budget allocated to this new department would be reprogrammed for use in other cases, this was also evident where twice as many individuals in the bureau concentrated on local crimes. (NCTA report (2004) Page 76) This new division was supposed to provide new information that the FBI did not have, however the new division was treated as one that provided assistance to the existing case, the recruitment was done within the FBI and the bureau failed to recruit individuals with relevant education to help in analysis of terrorism, for this reason therefore the creation of the division would not meet the main objective which was to counter terrorism. (NCTA report (2004) Page 77) The FBI also faced some legal constraints in investigating international terrorism, the 1978 congress enacted the foreign

The film Super Size Me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The film Super Size Me - Essay Example My current fast food intake is once or twice per month. The fast food restaurant is usually McDonald's or a local fast food place called Pop's, which serves burgers and Italian beef sandwiches. The first fact I would like to mention is that obesity is now second only to smoking as the leading cause of death in America. Obesity is a common problem in the United States, as many Americans are sedentary in their jobs, and do not make time for or do not have time for exercise. On top of this, as a nation we are consuming a mass amount of junk food as well as frequenting fast food restaurants with regularity. This is unhealthy. From a nutrition standpoint, we should be cooking more meals at home, which is healthier, and trying to eat balanced diets which include fresh fruits and vegetables, a small portion of meat if that is acceptable, and whole grains, with a minimum amount of fat which isn't trans fat or polyunsaturated fat. An emphasis should be placed on a balanced diet with a certain number of small fats and oils in the diet, which are necessary for the absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K. Obesity is a problem in America not just because of the fact that people are not g etting enough exercise. The diseases that come along with obesity-such as heart attack, stroke, and diabetes-are all risk factors that one engenders when one is not at a healthy weight. At the current rate, one in three children born today are at risk of developing diabetes. That is an alarming rate that we should be worried about as a nation. One of the obese men in Super Size Me was getting laparascopic surgery to reduce the size of his stomach and to eliminate his diabetic problems. He admitted to drinking two gallons of diet soda per day. That is a red flag right there, but it leads me to my next point, which is a continuing problem: the proliferation of sugared candies and sodas. Here is a second astonishing fact. According to Super Size Me, the average American child sees 10,000 food advertisements on television per year, and ninety-five percent of those are for sugared cereals, soft drinks, or candy. Advertising for McDonald's and soda and candy companies, according to the movie, was obviously tremendously high. Children didn't know who Jesus were but they sure knew who Ronald McDonald was! That just goes to show the power of advertising. The danger of advertising these high-fructose products to kids are that they will get addicted at an early age to sugar, and that will feed into a life-long need for candy and sodas that will breed itself in adulthood. It is a precursor to medical conditions that are silent killers-cancer, heart failure, stroke, and diabetes. Now, here is fact number three. Each day, one in four Americans visits a fast food restaurant, and 46 million visit McDonald's daily-that is more people than the population of Spain. The fact that so many people

Recommendation On High-End Electric Ranges Essay

Recommendation On High-End Electric Ranges - Essay Example Both the Maytag and the KitchenAid models feature Sabbath Mode while the Frigidaire does not. (Sabbath Mode is a built-in safety feature that automatically shuts off the oven after 12 hours or so.) This is a sensible feature, but it has proven to be problematic for those of the Jewish faith wishing to keep kosher on the Sabbath and on specific holidays because they're forbidden to turn ovens (or any electrical appliances) on during that time; however, it is permissible to use electrical appliances that are already on. Hence, the need is greater for a Sabbath mode that keeps an oven on at a specified temperature for as long as it's required, rather than turning the oven off after a certain lapse of time. With this type of feature, the cook could prepare a meal prior to the Sabbath or holiday and then leave it in the always-warm oven until it is ready to be eaten. Neither oven provides this type of flexibility. (McFedries, 2005). The Maytag and Frigidaire share the additional features of storage drawers, glass ceramic cooktops, oven lights and oven door windows that are not listed as options within the KitchenAid model. The three ranges reviewed are all of similar price and features. KitchenAid is the only one that is not of brushed chrome construction and is judged by owners to be easier to keep clean because of that. The KitchedAid is also taller in the back and would blend in better with most countertop backing. Appearance is the main factor separating these ranges.

Process Approach to Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Process Approach to Project Management - Essay Example More and more executives realise that project management provides significant benefits for their businesses, for example such as those mentioned by Kerzner (2006: p.47): (1) â€Å"accomplishment of more work in less time, with fewer people†; (2) providing â€Å"better control of scope changes†; (3) making the organisation â€Å"more efficient and effective through better organisational behaviour principles†; (4) allowing â€Å"to work more closely with customers†; (5) providing â€Å"a means for solving problems†, (6) making â€Å"good company decisions† and (7) â€Å"delivering right solutions†. One can say that today project management is increasingly becoming one of the major organisational approaches in the government of enterprises. Numerous methods and managerial concepts have been proposed by PM researchers and practitioners in order to ensure effective management of projects. This paper is aimed to give an overview of the proce ss approach to project management, which represents one of the key methodologies of modern theory of project management. The remaining content of the paper is organised as follows. Section 3 introduces the main definitions and conceptions of project management theory and process approach in PM, among which the concepts of project life cycle, project stakeholders and project success are of a special importance. Section 4 discusses several issues related to the process approach in project management; the discussion is made on the basis of research of the state-of-the-art literature and real case studies analysis. The findings presented in section 4 are evaluated and the recommendations, made on the basis of evaluation, are offered in the section 5. The final section 6 provides a conclusion drawn from the study. 3.0 Introduction In 1959 Harvard Business Review published the article of Gaddis â€Å"The Project Manager†, in which a project was defined at the first time as â€Å"a n organization unit dedicated to the attainment of a goal — generally the successful completion of a developmental product on time, within budget, and in conformance with predetermined performance specifications† (Gaddis 1959: p.89). Since that, a project has been defined many times by many other scholars and organisations, for example: â€Å"A project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product or service. Temporary means that every project has a definite beginning and a definite end. Unique means that the product or service is different in some distinguishing way from all similar products or services† (PMI 1996: p.4). â€Å"A project is an organised endeavour aimed at accomplishing a specific, non-routine or low-volume task† (Salvendy 2001: p.1242). All definitions emphasise a project as a unique activity that has three distinctive characteristics: time (schedule, well-defined duration), cost (resources dedicated to achievement of goal s) and quality (desired outcome) defined by specification – â€Å"the nature and scope of what has to be achieved† (Harrison & Lock 2004: p.5). Demeulemeester and Herroelen (2002) mention another common element – a goal or objective of a project. Schwalbe (2010) makes an important addition that a project is always temporary and it always involves uncertainty. Soderlund (2004) agrees that the universal elements of a project are â€Å"uniqueness, task complexity and time-limitedness† (p.185). In addition, Gido & Clements (2009: p.6) assert that any project has a customer, which is â€Å"

Efficient Market Hypothesis Of Thai Stock Market Dissertation

Efficient Market Hypothesis Of Thai Stock Market - Dissertation Example Value of Durbin-Watson statistics ranged from 0 to 4. A value of zero or near to zero indicated negative autocorrelation, while the value of 2 or near to 2 indicated a positive correlation. Findings as reported in chapter 4 demonstrate that values of Durbin-Watson test for SET 100 Index within series of daily data, monthly data and quarterly data were 1.014, .607, and 1.129 respectively. Therefore, in the individual cases of SET100 for daily and quarterly data, the Durbin-Watson test values were closer to value two that meant no autocorrelation within the finance sector for SET100 daily and quarterly data for the period of 1st January 2010 to December 2013. However, Durbin-Watson test reported for SET100 on monthly data revealed the autocorrelation within the finance sector of Thailand during 1st January 2010 and December 2013. When looked at the overall results of Durbin-Watson for SET100 Index, It was found that stock exchange market of Thailand was not fully efficient and demonstr ated the weak form of efficiency during the concerned period of four years. Findings of Durbin-Watson test for SET50 Index within series of daily data, monthly data and quarterly data were 1.129, 1.377. Results of SET50 Index within series of data from daily and monthly demonstrated that values nearer to the value of two. On other hands, the result of Durbin-Watson test for SET50 Index within series of data on quarterly showed the value of .706 that indicated autocorrelation in the Finance sector of Thailand during four years period.

Policy making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Policy making - Essay Example The country has been trying to resolve and reduce use of fossil fuel. This has led to debates among leaders on invention of a renewable fuel source like ethanol. Scientific criticism is diverse as it focuses on external instrumentalization process of science and technology in economic, political and military spheres. It also focuses on the internal academic structures where questions on social relevance that is grounded on causality and reductionism. Furthermore, solutions about the social problems are also analyzed. A scientific approach like use of ethanol is accepted if the outcomes of the process are ethical: it is less harmful as compared to other fuel sources. Hopes can be drawn to science if the values and the epistemological foundations attached are beneficial to the citizens. For instance, production of corn in U.S has increased from one third to five billion bushels between 1990 to 2010. This is an economic improvement thus earns more profit to the locals. Human activities such as deforestation have negatively affected production of corn. Furthermore, climatic conditions such as drought also affect corn production. Thus, ethanol production from corn is non-renewable; it means that corn production also reduces. This has directly affected the level of ethanol produced. This has led to food shortage in Mexico due to the depleted corn. Furthermore, increase in production of ethanol, leads to pollution and degrades agriculture. This has led to enforcement of environmental policies to curb production of ethanol. In addition, ethanol production is affected by the market trend. Due to the high demand of ethanol, it has forced many ethanol users to participate in the business. This is due to the less environmental effects that ethanol has to the environment. It is also estimated that the price of gasoline is about $0.9 per gallon due to the presence

The Reasons Behind Declining Reading Habits Essay Example for Free

The Reasons Behind Declining Reading Habits Essay To acquire the habitof reading is to construct for yourself a refuge from almost allmiseriesof life. † Reading habithas been a great help in developing knowledge. But today, in an age when browsing thenet, playing with funky handsets and passing non-stop SMS seem to be the order of the day. The internet boom, interactive medium of images, TV and thesilver screen fillingthe minds of the modern youth, taking majority of their free time we have to think seriously how the growing generationswill find time to read. While technology is taking control steadily over individuallives, the reading habitis fast vanishing into thin air. I used to sigh at the city librariespresenting a gloomy picture of gradual decline in voracious readers who used to flock in the evenings. Twenty reasons for decline in readinghabit 1) People think that readingbooks consumes more timethan referringin the computers. Computers seem to be more attractive tothem than books. 2) The question of spending money on books is over-ruled by the thought that everythingis available in acomputer. People prefer to spend money on something else than spending on books. The programs in internet and TV aremore attractive than sitting in acorner and readinga book. 4) With the modern life style visiting placesand other recreationsor hobbies occupy most of our time. 5) There are a thousand reasons today for avoiding readingbooks or literatures. Some even say that her new nail extensionshave made it too difficult to turn pages! 6) There are risks of losing books while carrying them. Moreover, why to carry a burden unnecessarily when there is a laptop available? 7) Now people are more worriedabout earning money and spending every second in finding ways to find sources of income.

Marlowes Doctor Faustus Analysis Predetermination And Free Will

Marlowes Doctor Faustus Analysis Predetermination And Free Will Sinfield has discussed about Calvinism, underpinning the Elizabethan orthodoxy which would regard Faustus not as damned because he makes a pact with the Devil, but as making a pact with the Devil because he is already damned.(353) He very well portrays the idea that because Faustus got involved in a sin, he was bound to be damned. At another instance his claim, If Faustus doesnt have it, there is nothing he can do. (355) nullifies any possibility of justifying his wrong conduct. At times it cannot be called a Calvinist play as God is exceedingly good in gifts, until the Faustus becomes a victim of his insatiable desire even when God is willing to forgive, if he repents. But Faustus intentionally refuses all the aid and goes down to damnation. Doctrine of Calvinism was on rise in England and under the direction of Puritan theologian. Calvinism means theological first promoted by John Calvin in (150 9-1564 ).He was one of leaders of Protestant reformation. It laid the foundation for reformed theology. Calvinism is contrasted with Lutheranism with which it divided the heritage of the Reformation. Calvinism and Lutheranism both discussed the principles of predestination and justification by faith. Calvinism sees God in all life activity and also in salvation. In first place predestination is not formative principle of Calvinism, it has only logical implications. It is not the root from which Calvinism springs out, but acts as branch of Calvinism. By the end of Act 1, Faustus appears to have made up his mind to sell his soul to the devil in exchange for twenty-four years in which he will live in all voluptuousness (1.3.94). Act 2, Scene 1 opens with another soliloquy in a long soliloquy, Faustus reflects on the most rewarding type of scholarships. He considers law, quoting the Byzantine emperor Justinian, but dismisses the law as too petty, dealing with trivial matters rather than larger ones. Divinity, the study of religion and theology, seems to offer wider vistas, but he quotes from St. Jeromes Bible that all men sin and finds the Bibles assertion that [t]he reward of sin is death an unacceptable doctrine. He then dismisses religion and fixes his mind on magic, which, when properly pursued, he believes will make him a mighty god (1.62). In Act1 Scene1, the lines Thinks thou that I, who saw the face of God, and tasted the eternal joys of heaven, Am not tormented with ten thousand hells in being deprived of everlasting bliss?, establish the fact the Faustus had given up on his fate and believed that he is the master of his own destiny. While the predestination involved a complete dependency on God and advocated for supremacy of Gods free will, Faustus wanted to challenge the sovereignty of God and experiment his own free will. He took a different route in principles other than the natural logic of salvation process professed by his friends and other scholars. He relied on the strength of human effort alone. Faustus had mastered all the subjects he read. This play emphasizes the fact that knowledge when misutilized can lead to destruction. Faustus wanted to study magic instead metaphysics. He gained knowledge through evil. Faustus possessed insatiable thirst for knowledge and fanaticism and showed deep interest in necromancy. Faustus rejected traditional study and turned towards magic and wanted to practice necromancy. He looked forward to the advantages which he would gain as a magician. He was a Renaissance man and experienced inner conflict, when the good angel dissuades him from practicing magic. The evil angel wanted that he should go forward and practice magic. Doctor Faustus is a Christian tragedy as Marlowe has depicted human soul as a battle field. Doctor Faustus is a victim of his conceptions and misconception. As is true throughout the play, however, Marlowe uses Faustuss own words to expose Faustuss blind spots. In his initial speech, for example, Faustus establishes a hierarchy of disciplines by showing which are nobler than others. He does not want merely to protect mens bodies through medicine, nor does he want to protect their property through law. He wants higher things, and so he proceeds on to religion. There, he quotes selectively from the New Testament, picking out only those passages that make Christianity appear in a negative light. He reads that [t]he reward of sin is death, and that [I]f we say we that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and there is no truth in us (1.40-43). The second of these lines comes from the first book of John, but Faustus neglects to read the very next line, which states, If we confess our sins, [God] is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousn ess (1 John 1:9). Thus, through selective quoting, Faustus makes it seem as though religion promises only death and not forgiveness and so he easily rejects religion with a fatalistic What will be, shall be! Divinity, adieu! (1.48). Meanwhile, he uses religious language-as he does throughout the play-to describe the dark world of necromancy that he enters. These metaphysics of magicians / and necromantic books are heavenly (1.49-50), he declares without a trace of irony. Having gone upward from medicine and law to theology, he envisions magic and necromancy as the crowning discipline. Sinfiled as a critic has argued that God is silent on this occasion as he writes, If Faustuss heart is hardened and he cannot repent, who has hardened it? (356). Besides this Faustuss repentance is insincere, and that he consistently fails to repent not because he is suffering from theologically-induced despair, but because he is afraid of the devils and constantly distracted by the frivolous entertainments they stage for him, like the pageant of the seven deadly sins which follows this episode. One could argue as well that the play does represent the Christian God as loving and merciful, and shows human beings to be free to shape their own spiritual destinies. The Good and Evil Angels, after all, seem to give dramatic form to Faustuss freedom to choose: he has a choice between good and evil, and he chooses evil in full knowledge of what the consequences will be. As late as Act 5, Scene 1, the Old Man appears on stage to drive home the availability of Gods mercy if only Faustus will sincerely repent his sins. Looked at from this perspective, it is Faustus and not God who is responsible for the terrible fate that greets him at the close of the play. Conclusively, Marlowe has planned the demise of Faustus in such a way that the argument, There are two traps in the play. One is set by God for Dr.Faustus; the other is set by Marlowe, for God. (361) holds true. Doctor Faustus is an Elizabethan tragedy. The play deals with the will of God and the hero defies it. The main focus is on human will. Faustus brings tragedy for himself. Faustus decides to follow the path as told by Valdes and Cornelius and practices black magic. Faustus himself calls Mephistopheles. This can be inferred as a fact supporting predestination from the lines, Mephistopheless intervention would be part of Faustuss punishment within the divine predestination.(354)Out of pride Faustus seeks world of profit, delight and power. Faustus signs pact with Mephistopheles to enjoy worldly pleasure. In the Prologue and through the first chorus his doom is before us in clear and emphatic terms. We are that swollen with pride in his attainments , he forgets about salvation. (354) Mephistopheles by responding to Faustus demands, gives answers on Hell, makes him invisible so that he can irritate Pope who was at a feast in the company of the Cardinal of Lorraine. So it was destined by God to put Mephistopheles to make full use of pride and bringing damnation and ultimately death of Faustus. This is evident from Sinfields discussion on point of having a Good Angel as, The role of the Good Angel is to tell Faustus what he ought to do but cannot, so that he will be unable to claim ignorance when God taxes him with wickedness. Sinfield raises the possibility that the play was written to embarrass Protestant doctrine.(358) He also wrote If Faustus was guided by Mephistopheles, the decision was Gods. For Protestant thought could not tolerate devils wandering around the world at whim: God does not just allow their activities, he contracts out tasks to them. There exists many contradictions in the play but eventually one may feel as imperfections exist in human so why not in a character of a play. The ultimate authority to decide lies in the hands of the readers. Last not the least Sinfields thought substantial texts are in principle likely to be written across ideological faultlines because that is the most interesting kind of writing; they may well not be susceptible to any decisive reading. (359) is more convincing.

Risk Management Functions in Healthcare Organisation

Risk Management Functions in Healthcare Organisation Cloudette Ann F. Sun The main purpose of this report is to examine and discuss the role of risk management function within an organization and assess the policies and procedures against strategic and operational healthcare business functions. INTRODUCTION In a corporate world there is a need to maintain the continuous assurance of success and achieving the desired goals of the company. As businesses start to develop and grow, it has become essential for these companies to identify risks that might hinder their growth and possibly decrease profit. This has made the introduction of risk management very imperative in the organization. To prevent financial crises, an enterprise must have strong footing on the theory of risk management, beginning with anticipating or finding possible risks, discovery of ways to reduce them and to implementation of guidelines to diminish these threats and to increase the development of the enterprise. This paper offers a balance of essential information and indicators on how the management of risk in a financial institution takes place, its benefits and components. ROLES OF RISK MANAGMENT FUNCTIONS IN AN ORGANISATION Examine and discuss the purpose of risk management within an enterprise. Risk management has been defined by ISO 31000 (2009) as principles and guidelines. It provides principles, framework and a process for managing risk. In a financial institution it can be used in risk planning, risk assessment, risk handling and risk monitoring. Once a risk have been identified, a detailed description of this risk should be taken into account; from likelihood of occurrence, its impact as well as taking into consideration the cost, scope frequency and other factors that might contribute to that risk. Within that framework of thought onto the concise analysis of the risk identified, a response plan should or will be developed. This part may take up a lot of time and be given a longer time frame within the process for these may undergo trial milestones or surveys. As these trial plans on reducing risks are taking place, it is the responsibility of the enterprise to initiate an immediate response plan before a concrete procedure or plan has been developed to reduction or risks. Relevant communication between all parties involved should be implemented and consultation with the assigned departments should hasten this process. Implementation of procedures on risk management then follows with the continual reassessment or monitoring of the effects or outcome of the procedures to the expected drop of risk on the enterprise. A framework on the implementation and review on the procedures should be properly documented as to gauge the effectiveness of the plan being instigated. It is vital that risk management will always be a continuous process in an evolving and developing financial institution. Examine and discuss the benefits of risk management within an enterprise As business institutions develop and grown, inevitable risk unceasingly evolves and this makes enterprises agree on the benefits of the continual process on managing these risks. This makes it beneficial for the development of a culture of the company and the education of the members of different departments affected by the risks involved. Cultural development evolves for the better as monitoring of the best possible way to diminish risk and with the end benefit of increasing profit always takes place. Board members of the enterprise create programmes for the betterment of the employees and for the survival of their company. Information dissemination also takes place as individuals in the company are being educated on the solvency plans undertaking in minimizing risks. This also pushes financial institution to their regulatory developments. On the same note, accurate bookkeeping of investments, risks, uncertainties and management decisions are made with the help of the process of risk management. This makes it easier for future references on the recurrence of another or similar risks evolvements. With the precise documentation at hand for reference, minimal cost could be implemented for potential risks and there is a rise in confidence in how the enterprise would manage as contingency plans are already being regulated and suitable analysis of data are already considered by the management. This could ultimately promote good governance within the company. In addition, the achievement of the main goal of any business institution is the control on the financial risk or the implementation on the minimal costs of the enterprise. As an effect, this ultimately increases the company’s ability to increase incentives and in return employees provide their best efforts making which as well makes not only the employers but also the consumers confident and happy in their purchase. Reviewing of Activities and Internal Environment In the process of managing risk the main and primary goal is reviewing or to decipher the movements and internal environment that affects the risk. As corporations tend to grow big a lot of factors tend to taken into consideration. In the internal environment, risks can happen in a lot of areas including in the management of human resource and proper communication within the employees and within the different departments. It is quite difficult to handle a company especially with different backgrounds and settling of varied cultures. This also does not limit to such and includes with the development of technology and research. This has become extremely important with the fast developments of technology in the last years and the continuous improvement of our gadgets and machinery. Another would be with regards to the health, environment and safety of every individual contributing to the advancement of the financial institution. This essentially becomes the primary contribution of the working power that a company holds and eventually assures the continuous production and process of the enterprise. Setting Objectives Evidently it has become widely known that setting objectives by most companies are through guidance of the principle that it must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bounded. Specific objectives are focused on the particular risk that is being currently examined wherein a detailed description of the risk that hinders the growth of the company is taking place. Having a definite objective guides the enterprise on knowing whether the goal has been achieved. A vague description of one’s objective automatically hinders the company to the continuous process on managing the risk. Measurable objectives give economic reasons of the financial institution for it to continue on the management of their risks. This ultimately sets and gauges if the objectives that have been set are accomplished or there is still a need for improvement. Achievable goals are being set, in which right from the start; the company has already taken into consideration its competencies and its marketing capabilities to the assurance that the objectives being set will be accomplished. Realistic objectives mean that a proper assessment and evaluation has been made within the firm its ability from resources management, competitors, market value and employee before setting a time frame. Time bounded goals keep the company in the right tract and to continually pressure the organization to meet the set time frame. Event Identification Event identification of risk is considered still to be a continual process on building the framework needed for management of risks. Implementation of controls is necessary to help alleviate risks that have already been identified as decreasing the reoccurrence of risks. This as well creates a venue for having the company being able monitor risks and build up parameters for these risks to be properly monitored. This clearly shows that event identification goes together with proper governance of managing risks especially associated with the objectives specifically set by the enterprise. For it to properly identify the event, it must eventually be flexible framework in which has been appropriately interrelated with the objectives. Risk assessment with particular reference to the impact and likelihood of risk The assessment of risk can be associated with their severe, significant, moderate, minor or minimal on the scale of every enterprise. A severe risk assessment would mean have great impact on its ability to meet its desired objective, but this may however reduce one or more of its objectives not to be achieved. In a significant assessment, although there is a significant effect on the outcomes set on the goals; there would be some goals that will be below what it is desired. Moderate assessment has adequate impact on the objectives but may cause some outcomes to be just in the acceptable level. Minor assessments have less influence on the objective causing outcomes to be below the acceptablelevel. Minimal assessments have little or no influence at all on the set objectives of the financial institution on the management of their risks. Risk Response Plan Risk response plan guides in analysing and identifying the risks and integration to planned objectives using the smart principles for main goal in mind for the increase in profit of the company. In the risk response plan, there must be proper integration of the knowledge within the objective. Proper integration with the objectives definitely requires the appropriate allocation of the resources at hand and careful planning including the review of previous similar risks. The scope must also be correct in definition wherein its control and quality are defined adequately. Time allocation is very important as well, for this may guarantee increase of risks; example would be the early distribution of some competitive products in the market. This happens when there is the exact estimation of time and the availability of the resources at hand. Cost effectiveness is vital as part of the risk response plan in which errors are being estimated, any changes in the contingency plan are calculated, as well as maintaining and acquisition of goods. Assuring the quality of the developed plan to control risk is essential. A standardization of the equipment, how it is being processed and the uni queness of the product is critically established. A leadership plan along with the objective becomes extremely necessary, because it all springs from proper leadership skills, with the definition of the responsibilities of each individual included in the plan. This also decreases any conflict arising within the management and increases productivity and organization of the set planned objectives in minimizing risks. Along with this, sets par with excellent communication between the team. This paves the way for the contribution of ideas from different departments and consultation from stakeholders. While developing the risk plan, unforeseeable conditions must also be taken into consideration and be part of the margin of error. Control Activities In an organization control activities are usually planned by the upper management headed by the chief executives. Controls given to the process level or on how the management is being governed and how the risk assessment plan is implemented are considered to be entity-wide controls. For the effectiveness of the plan identified by the management, control policies are being developed. Soft control are done with the â€Å"people† of the organization, which means knowing what really is the situation and eventually promotes open communication, shared values and their commitment with competitiveness. Hard Controls are instigated on the activities planned by the higher management. This could mean strict implementation of the policies, proper review of and inspection of the process and the appropriate structure of the organization. Information and Communication In forming a corporate strategy it is imperative that there is a continuous learning process and proper relay of information within the management and stakeholders. It starts with setting context of the risk involved with the suitable plan involved. It is now through proper dissemination that desired results will be achieved by the financial institution. There must be a constant interaction and dialogue between the stakeholders of the company. It is also the responsibility of the organization to uphold trainings and seminars to keep the employees abreast with the current trend and the plans of the company. Monitoring Kim Heldman (2005) defines monitoring as an activity that collects information, documents each findings and reporting them to the management. This is the phase wherein there is a continuous check of how the risk has been solved or managed and if there is a need for contingency plan to be differed and be reassessed again. Constant monitoring of the guidelines and limits ensures compliance within the organization. Proper consolidation of reports should be made to be reported by the upper management and keep as reference for foreseeable risks as well as unforeseeable. CONCLUSION Therefore, I believe although some financial institutions make not take risk management seriously but the benefits greatly outweigh any financial risks that the company might experience in the future. Financial institutions should ground themselves with the process of risk management. From creating organizational objectives with the smart principle, implementation of these strategies and to assessing the outcome of the plan made for the risks to be minimized. It should also bear in mind that continuous learning and communication within the organization is vital for the enhancement of the institution. Risk management is a process that involves assessment, evaluation, managing and measuring of risks involved in an enterprise. Through risk management the implementation of standardization have been developed in business institutions in our society. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Heldman, K. Project Manager’s Spotlight on Risk Management.1st edition. Sybex Inc. United States of America. 2005 Wu, D. D. Modeling Risk Management in Suitable Construction. 1st edition. Springer Publications. Germany. 2011. Electronic Sources ISO 31000. (2009).Risk Management. http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso31000.htm European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Purpose of Risk Assessment. Retrieved from https://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/riskassessment/purpose

Music Television: Modern Phenomenon or Passing Fad? Essay -- Media Mus

Music Television: Modern Phenomenon or Passing Fad?    Dr. Pitton’s Comments: This student was asked in this essay to write about the causes of a modern phenomena. In active prose, she did an excellent job both of detailing the popularity of music television in today's society and offering a variety of creative and innovative reasons for this effect.    MTV promotes a romanticized teen lifestyle, reflecting the images of famous artists that differ with the realities of the â€Å"Generation X† lifestyle. While some view the station as â€Å"illustrated radio† or an entertainment network for viewers’ pleasure, others more accurately consider it as an advertising enterprise that endorses products and promotes attitudes (O’Neil 12). Whether or not MTV critics agree with these â€Å"messages† that, the network sends out, it has become a huge franchise generating large profits and great popularity. MTV’s entertainment, commercialism, and messages satisfy and influence many types of viewers, giving us, the viewing audience, a better understanding of the immense popularity of Music Television (MTV). As the entertainment mogul, MTV jumpstarted careers and dictated nearly every move in pop-culture. Its â€Å"children† range from Madonna to Britney Spears. With 1988’s â€Å"Yo! MTV Raps,† it brought hip-hop into the mainstream; with 1992’s â€Å"The Real World,† it laid the groundwork for reality television. By the mid-80’s, as group of competitors enticed MTV’s young audience, the network reinvented itself. The anchor in 1987 was the pop-trivia show â€Å"Remote Control.† Even with all the shows that have stemmed out of MTV, their music videos are still a major priority. Commercialism is as showing too much regard for pro... ...ie Allen says, â€Å"MTV made us look at the sound of music† (83). Works Cited Allen, Bonnie. â€Å"The 1980’s.† Essence Dec. 1989: 82-84 Daspin, Eileen. â€Å"Davis Horowitz: I Want My MTV† Management Review Oct.1985: 19-20. Denisoff, R. Serge. Inside MTV. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1989. Dupler, Steven. â€Å"New MTV Prez: No Big Changes Planned At Channel.† Billboard 27 May 1989: 55. Hamerlinck, John. â€Å"MTV and Morality.† The Humanist Jan./Feb. 1995: 43. Hedegaard, Erik. â€Å"New MTV Channel Aims For Older Audience.† Rolling Stone 11 Oct. 1984: 38. Newman, Melinda. â€Å"MTV Spreads The News.† Billboard 18 Feb. 1989: 55. ---. â€Å"MTV Taking A Harder Look At Vids?† Billboard 18 Nov. 1989: 1. Smith, Glenn. â€Å"MTV Parlors.’ Popular in Taiwan.† Billboard 16Sep. 1989: 63. â€Å"Viacom Buys MTV.† Fortune 30 Sep. 1985:10-11.

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by M

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve to maintain African American people controlled by institutions. In this book her analyses is centered in examining the mass incarceration phenomenon in recent years. Comparing Jim Crow with mass incarceration she points out that mass incarceration is a network of laws, policies, customs and institutions that works together –almost invisible– to ensure the subordinate status of a group defined by race, African American (p. 178 -190). Alexander (2010) describes the New Jim Crow as a moment where society have already internalized the stereotypes of African American men as violent and more likely to commit crimes and where mass incarceration has been normalized – especially in poor areas– . That is, today is seen as normal that black parents are missing in their homes because they are in institutions of control (p.181). She also stresses American society denies racism when they assume the justice system works. Therefore, she claims that â€Å"mass incarceration is colorblind† (p.183). American society does not see the race biased within the institutions of control. Alexander (2010) suggests mass incarceration as a system of racialized social control that functions in the same way Jim Crow did. She describes how people that have been incarcer... ...ople (p.195). 7) Symbolic production of race. Perhaps this is the most important category of her analyses. She stresses that mass incarceration as Jim Crow and slavery define and reinforce what being a black person means. During slavery being black meant to be a slave. During Jim Crow meant to be a second class citizen. And mass incarceration defines black people, especially men, as criminals. We can conclude with her analyses that the criminal justice in America is biased an even though I don’t agree with the suggestion Alexander has heard from other people that mass incarceration is a â€Å"conspiracy to put blacks back in their place† (p.5). It is clear that the justice system in the US is not completely fair, and that collective action must arise to struggle it. Works Cited Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow. New York, NY: The New Press. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by M The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve to maintain African American people controlled by institutions. In this book her analyses is centered in examining the mass incarceration phenomenon in recent years. Comparing Jim Crow with mass incarceration she points out that mass incarceration is a network of laws, policies, customs and institutions that works together –almost invisible– to ensure the subordinate status of a group defined by race, African American (p. 178 -190). Alexander (2010) describes the New Jim Crow as a moment where society have already internalized the stereotypes of African American men as violent and more likely to commit crimes and where mass incarceration has been normalized – especially in poor areas– . That is, today is seen as normal that black parents are missing in their homes because they are in institutions of control (p.181). She also stresses American society denies racism when they assume the justice system works. Therefore, she claims that â€Å"mass incarceration is colorblind† (p.183). American society does not see the race biased within the institutions of control. Alexander (2010) suggests mass incarceration as a system of racialized social control that functions in the same way Jim Crow did. She describes how people that have been incarcer... ...ople (p.195). 7) Symbolic production of race. Perhaps this is the most important category of her analyses. She stresses that mass incarceration as Jim Crow and slavery define and reinforce what being a black person means. During slavery being black meant to be a slave. During Jim Crow meant to be a second class citizen. And mass incarceration defines black people, especially men, as criminals. We can conclude with her analyses that the criminal justice in America is biased an even though I don’t agree with the suggestion Alexander has heard from other people that mass incarceration is a â€Å"conspiracy to put blacks back in their place† (p.5). It is clear that the justice system in the US is not completely fair, and that collective action must arise to struggle it. Works Cited Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow. New York, NY: The New Press.

Lt. Colonel Jay R. Jensens six Years In Hell :: essays research papers

Lt. Colonel Jay R. Jensen's "Six Years In Hell" The book I have chosen to read for this review is one entitled "SIX YEARS IN HELL." It is a book written by one Lt. Colonel Jay R. Jensen in a first person manor. He was a military pilot who flew over Vietnam and was captured and taken as a POW. This book covers his time in the military before hand describing the daily procedures etc. of his military life. The author graduated from Jordan High School in Sandy, Utah in 1949. He then joined The Utah Air National Guard during the Korean war. Mr. Jensen was on active duty for 20 months, after which he attended Brigham Young University. He graduated with a B.S. degree in Accounting and majors in Banking and Finance. After college he obtained the rank of cadet Colonel in the Air Force ROTC. Lt. Colonel Jensen was well decorated after his retirement in 1978 that concluded 28 years of service. His decorations included: Two Silver Stars, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star with V for Valor, Air Medal, two Purple Hearts, Presidential Unit Citation, Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with two Oak Leaf Clusters, POW Medal, Good Conduct Medal, National Defense Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, Vietnam Service Medal with 14 Bronze Campaign Medals, Air Force Longevity Award (for over 24 years), Armed Forces Reserve Medal with Hour Glass Device (for 20 years), Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon, Vietnam Cross for Gallantry with Device, and Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal. All these decorations and the time spent in the military I believe more than present his qualifications for writing this book. This book that he was so qualified to write I must bend to say was rather well written. The author took time to explain everything individually and even those things that seem quite trivial were given careful explanation. If there was something that the author felt was not apparent or was not to be taken at face value he footnoted it at the bottom of the page. These footnotes were especially helpful for those of us readers who may not be that "militarily inclined." I particularly enjoyed the story of Roscoe the base's mascot which was probably one of the longest examples of footnoting throughout the book. The book is written from the perspective of the author at the time he experienced it. The descriptions are so well written that one can almost see or relate to what is being described, but as time progresses you can tell the author's moods change as the mode of descriptions differs.

Perspectives of media in health and social care Essay

The objective of this essay is to understand the representations of the media in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS issue on gays and bisexual persons within health and social care setting. The importance of the mass media will be discussed to gain insight in promoting awareness on HIV/AIDS. It will clarify some specific theories and models of approach as they relate to mass media context in relation to the case studies and conclude. Irwin et al (2003) assert that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS epidemic in both developing and developed world including the United Kingdom (UK) has increased to a level that is beyond the control of the human behaviours; as a result, the increasing rate of people infected with the HIV/AIDS and the rate of people dying in terms of mortality rate have caused a concern among policy makers, journalists, governments and the Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) throughout the entire world. For example, people infected are estimated at 34 million with HIV/AIDS while people who died is at 1.7 million globally (UNAIDS 2012). This led journalists across the globe including the United Kingdom (UK) to adopt strategies and develop tools to combat the epidemics. Hart (1991) defines mass media as devices that simultaneously transmit messages to large numbers of people and indicates that media are classified in three different kinds which include presentational, representational, and mechanical or electronic media. The mass media performs three key functions: educating, shaping public relations, and advocating for a particular policy or point of view. As education tools, media not only impart knowledge, but can be part of larger efforts to promote health issues and other related activities (e.g., social marketing) to promote behaviour change social utility (Department of Health 2011). For instance, when using the social marketing, the mass media targets a particular through poster and other adverts to inform gays and bisexual about the HIV. Beck et al (2005) emphasises that the presentational media ensures face-to-face communication, e.g. speech. He also indicates that the representational media enables messages to be stored, passed over a distance and produced in the absence of the participants because they use symbol  codes of prints, graphics and photography to communicate e.g. newspapers, comics and magazines. Thomson and White (2008) said that the messages are projected through television, radio, newspapers adverts, magazine, leaflets, books, and internet. This is evidenced in the communication model which states that the flow of information is a system of conveying a message in two ways, or in a multiple channels, because individuals will get opinions which are influenced by the type of message to be delivered. The model is based on two step system of information flow which in turn influences the wider community (Wellings and Field 1996). In United Kingdom (UK), the Department of Health allocated  £ 2.9 million each year to promote at the national level, the HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns through TV and other adverts (House of Lords 2010). The application of Marxist theory emphasises on the direct relationship existing between those who have economic power and those who can be able to disseminate information across the society. Tones and Tilford (2001) emphasised that the environmental model of approach is based on the advocating for the prevention of disease rather than depending on medical cure. Medical treatment is limited in providing effective behavioural change and cure. In other perspective, when using the environmental approach, a set of series programmes about HIV has only attempted to raise the awareness of how the disease can be contracted and prevented. Karpf (1998) identified the looking after yourself model said that this model mainly focus on individuals behaviour change. The concept of look after yourself approach has helped media and health organisations to campaign through TV, Radio and providing advices and necessary information to make people aware of the HIV effects. It also changed the way the society used to perceive the value of culture in line with the HIV/AIDS among gay and bisexual society, and this has become mainstreamed in the society (Miller 2002). McQuail (2010) emphasis that Marxist theory, put emphasis on promoting ideas than looking at material structure of the society. However, Marxist theory has contributed to the promotion of mass media; its critics depend on how media could have the power to influence the society in order to effectively effect change (McQuail 2010). The functionalist theory is based on the human behaviours which are run by the way social pattern reflect some kind of stability in relation to the social reality (Brym and Lie 2010) For instance, the use of TV as a channel to  disseminate information on HIV/AIDS has offered sights and real message to stimulate people representation to understand the significance of the effect of having HIV/AIDS. Despite the use of TV as means of disseminating the message on HIV/AIDS, has a limited scope in term of coverage because it is often limited to crises (Basten 2009). The UNAIDS (2004) report indicates that with TV there are some costs associated to it, for instance, the cost of advertising a short avert on health issues such as the HIV/AIDS is high, because of time consuming and creative art for the performance to meet a particular market segments ( Hornik 2008). Beck et al (2005) indicates that the use of the radio as a media of communication has the potential to reach diverse groups of people and huge number of people within the community.